100, 250, 400, 500, kunye ne-650 iZwi Isincoko sokuSebenzisa kwaBantwana ngesiNgesi & nesiHindi

Isincoko esinaMagama ali-100 ngokuSebenziswa kwaBantwana ngesiNgesi

Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana yingxaki egqubayo neqhubekayo kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi. Libhekisela ekuxhatshazweni kwabantwana ukuze bafumane inzuzo ngokwezoqoqosho, ngokufuthi ngokusebenzisa abasebenzi babo kumashishini ayingozi okanye angekho mthethweni.

Abantwana abaqeshwa ngokufuthi bavinjwa imfundo yaye basengozini yokuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nokwenzakala. Ukongeza, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kunokuba nefuthe elibi lexesha elide kwimpilo-ntle yengqondo nengokweemvakalelo yabantwana. Kunyanzelekile ukuba oorhulumente namashishini bathathe amanyathelo okuthintela nokuphelisa ukuqeshwa kwabantwana.

Ukongeza, kuyafuneka ukuba abantu bazi kwaye baxhase iinzame zokuphelisa lo mkhwa. Sikunye, singasebenzela ikamva apho bonke abantwana bayakwazi ukuhlala kwaye basebenze kwiimeko ezikhuselekileyo nezilungileyo.

250 Igama elithi Isincoko sokuSebenziswa kwaBantwana ngesiNgesi

Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana ngumbandela onzulu ochaphazela izigidi zabantwana ehlabathini lonke. Kubhekiselwa ekuxhatshazweni kwabantwana ngenxa yomsebenzi, amaxesha amaninzi kwiimeko ezinobungozi neziyingozi, kwaye ngokufuthi oko kubangelwa yindleko yemfundo nempilo-ntle yabo.

Baninzi oonobangela bokuqeshwa kwabantwana, kuquka intlupheko, ukunqongophala kwemfundo, kunye nezithethe nezithethe zasekuhlaleni ezijonga abantwana njengomthombo wengeniso yentsapho. Kwezinye iimeko, abantwana banyanzelwa ukuba basebenze ngabarhwebi okanye abanye abantu abanganyanisekanga abasebenzisa ukuba sesichengeni kwabo.

Imiphumo yokuqeshwa kwabantwana inzima kwaye ifikelela kude. Abantwana abanyanzelwa ukuba basebenze badla ngokuphathwa gadalala ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo, kwaye basengozini enkulu yokwenzakala nokugula. Oku kungenxa yobume bomsebenzi wabo. Basenokuphoswa nethuba lokufumana imfundo, enokuba nemiphumo ehlala ixesha elide kumathemba abo nomgangatho wobomi bexesha elizayo.

Zininzi iindlela esinokulungisa ngazo kwaye silwe ukuqeshwa kwabantwana. Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo kukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana bayafikelela kwimfundo. Oku kunokubanika izakhono nolwazi olufunekayo ukuze babaleke ubuhlwempu nokuxhatshazwa.

Oorhulumente nemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe nabo banokusebenzela ukunyanzelisa imithetho ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kunye nokukhusela amalungelo abantwana. Basenokuxhasa amaphulo abonelela ngeminye imithombo yengeniso kwiintsapho ezinokuhendelwa ukuba zithumele abantwana bazo emsebenzini.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ngumbandela onzulu ochaphazela izigidi zabantwana ehlabathini lonke. Ibangelwa zizinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaye inemiphumo enzulu kubantwana abanyanzeliswa ukuba basebenze. Ngokuqwalasela izizathu ezisisiseko zokuqeshwa kwabantwana kunye namanyathelo axhasayo abonelela ngeendlela ezizezinye kwiintsapho, sinokusebenzela ikamva apho bonke abantwana bayakwazi ukuphila kwaye bakhule ngesidima kunye nokhuseleko.

400 Igama elithi Isincoko sokuSebenziswa kwaBantwana ngesiNgesi

Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kubhekisela ekuqeshweni kwabantwana kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi obenza bangabi naxesha labantwana, kuphazamisane nendlela yabo yokuya kwisikolo esithe rhoqo, yaye oko kuyingozi engqondweni, emzimbeni, ekuhlaleni, okanye ekuziphatheni. Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana bekuyingxaki eqhubekayo ukutyhubela imbali, yaye kusaqhubeka kukho nanamhlanje kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi.

I-International Labour Organisation (ILO) iqikelela ukuba kukho malunga ne-168 yezigidi zabantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka eyi-5 kunye ne-17 ubudala abasebenzayo ngoku, kunye ne-85 yezigidi zaba bantwana basebenza kwiimeko ezinobungozi. Lo ngumba onobuzaza ekufuneka usonjululwe. Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kuneziphumo ezininzi ezibi ebantwaneni, eziquka ukuxhatshazwa ngokwasemzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo, ukuba likheswa ekuhlaleni, nokungafikeleli kwimfundo.

Ziliqela izinto ezinegalelo ekuxhaphakeni kokuqeshwa kwabantwana. Intlupheko yenye yezinto ezibangela ukuqeshwa kwabantwana, njengoko iintsapho ezininzi zixhomekeke kwingeniso eveliswa ngabantwana bazo ukuze ziphile.

Ukongeza, ukunqongophala kwemfundo, ngakumbi kumazwe asakhasayo, nako kunokubangela ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Oku kungenxa yokuba abantwana banokunyanzelwa ukuba basebenze ukuze baxhase iintsapho zabo ngokwezimali. Ezinye izinto ezinegalelo zibandakanya izithethe zenkcubeko nezentlalo, kunye nemithetho ebuthathaka kunye neendlela zonyanzeliso ezivumela ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kuqhubeke.

Iinzame zokulwa ukuqeshwa kwabantwana zidla ngokubandakanya indibaniselwano yeendlela, kuquka imfundo, iinkqubo zentlalontle nomthetho. Oorhulumente, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente bonke banendima ekupheliseni ukuqeshwa kwabantwana nokukhusela amalungelo abantwana. Ngokomzekelo, iILO iye yaqulunqa iqela lemigaqo nemigaqo ejoliswe ekupheliseni ukuqeshwa kwabantwana. Ezi ziquka iNgqungquthela yeminyaka yobuncinane kunye neNgqungquthela ePhakamileyo yokuSebenza kwaBantwana.

Ukongeza kule migudu yehlabathi, kukwakho namalinge amaninzi asekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho esebenza ukulwa nokuxhatshazwa kwabantwana. Oku kuquka iinkqubo zemfundo ezibonelela abantwana ngezakhono nolwazi abaludingayo ukuze baphelise ubuhlwempu. Oku kwenziwa ngokuhambelana neenzame zenkxaso zokwazisa ngalo mba nokukhuthaza amalungelo abantwana.

Lilonke, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ngumbandela ontsonkothileyo noneenkalo ezininzi ofuna umgudu omanyeneyo owenziwa ngoorhulumente, imibutho nabantu ngabanye ukuwulungisa. Ngoxa kuye kwenziwa inkqubela kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana bayakwazi ukubunandipha ubuntwana babo. Oku kungenxa yokuba bafuna ithuba lokufikelela kwisakhono sabo esipheleleyo.

500 Igama elithi Isincoko sokuSebenziswa kwaBantwana ngesiNgesi

Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ngumbandela ontsonkothileyo noneenkalo ezininzi ochaphazela izigidi zabantwana kwihlabathi jikelele. Uchazwa njengomsebenzi oyingozi ngokwasengqondweni, ngokwasemzimbeni, ngokwentlalo okanye ngokuziphatha ebantwaneni. Lo msebenzi unokuza ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka umsebenzi oyingozi, umsebenzi wasekhaya, nemisebenzi engekho mthethweni enjengokuthengisa iziyobisi nokuthengisa ngomzimba. Oyena nobangela wokuqeshwa kwabantwana bahlukahlukene yaye ngokufuthi banxibelelene, kuquka ubuhlwempu, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwimfundo, izithethe zenkcubeko, nokudityaniswa kwehlabathi.

Intlupheko yenye yezona zinto ziqhuba ukuqeshwa kwabantwana. Iintsapho ezininzi ezihlwempuzekileyo azikwazi ukuhlangabezana neendleko zemfundo zabantwana bazo. Kusenokujongwa njengendlela yokunikela kumvuzo wekhaya nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwemali. Kwezinye iimeko, abantwana basenokuba ngabondli beentsapho zabo yaye banokunyanzelwa ukuba basebenze iiyure ezininzi kwiimeko eziyingozi okanye ezinzima ukuze baphile.

Ukungafikeleli kwimfundo nako kungunobangela ophambili wokuqeshwa kwabantwana. Abantwana abangakwaziyo ukuya esikolweni banokuguqukela emsebenzini njengendlela yokuphila, kwaye basenokungabi nabuchule okanye ulwazi lokusukela amanye amathuba. Kwezinye iimeko, abantwana basenokunyanzelwa ukuba bayeke isikolo ukuze basebenze, nto leyo ephumela kumjikelo wobuhlwempu ekunzima ukuwuphelisa.

Izithethe nezithethe zenkcubeko nazo zinokudlala indima ekuxhaphakeni kokuqeshwa kwabantwana. Kwezinye iindawo, kugqalwa njengento eyamkelekileyo ukuba abantwana basebenze besebancinane. Oku kusenokujongwa njengesithethe okanye indlela yokuba abantwana bafunde ubuchule obubalulekileyo. Kwezi meko, kusenokulindeleka ukuba abantwana babe negalelo kumvuzo wekhaya okanye benze imisebenzi yasekhaya besebancinane.

Ukudityaniswa kwehlabathi kuye kwaba nempembelelo ekuqeshweni kwabantwana, njengoko iinkampani ezikumazwe ahambele phambili zisenokuthumela abasebenzi kumazwe asakhasayo apho imigangatho nemimiselo yokusebenza isenokuyekelela. Oku kunokubangela ukuba abantwana baqeshwe kwiimeko ezinobungozi okanye ezixhaphazayo, njengoko iinkampani zifuna ukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokunyusa ingeniso.

Iinzame zokulwa nokuqeshwa kwabantwana ziye zenziwa kuwo omabini amanqanaba esizwe nakwamanye amazwe, kuquka ukwamkelwa kwemithetho nemimiselo ethintela ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kumashishini athile kunye nokusekwa kweenkqubo zokubonelela ngemfundo nezinye iinkonzo kubantwana abasemngciphekweni wokuxhatshazwa. Noko ke, kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukulungisa oonobangela bokuqeshwa kwabantwana. Oku kukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana bayakwazi ukukhulela kwindawo ekhuselekileyo nesempilweni.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana yingxaki yehlabathi lonke echaphazela izigidi zabantwana yaye kunemiphumo enzulu kwimpilo-ntle yabo ngokwasemzimbeni, engqondweni nangokweemvakalelo. Nangona kukho inkqubela eyenziweyo ekujonganeni nalo mba, kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke abantwana bayakwazi ukufikelela kwisakhono sabo esipheleleyo. Oku kuya kubenza banandiphe ubuntwana babo.

650 Igama elithi Isincoko sokuSebenziswa kwaBantwana ngesiNgesi

Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana yingxaki egqubayo nentsonkothileyo echaphazela izigidi zabantwana ehlabathini lonke. Kubhekiselwa ekuqeshweni kwabantwana emsebenzini nto leyo eyingozi kuphuhliso lwabo lomzimba, lwengqondo, lwentlalo, okanye lwemfundo.

Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kudla ngokunxulunyaniswa nobuhlwempu nokungafikeleli kwimfundo, njengoko iintsapho zinokuthembela kumvuzo oveliswa ngabantwana bazo ukuze ziphile. Isenokuqhutywa zizinto ezifana nezithethe zenkcubeko, ukunqongophala kwemithetho, okanye imfuno yabasebenzi abaphantsi.

I-International Labour Organisation iqikelela ukuba kukho abantwana abangama-246 ezigidi emhlabeni jikelele, uninzi lwabo lusebenza kumacandelo angekho sikweni kumazwe asakhasayo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana ngokufuthi kufana nomsebenzi wekhaya ongahlawulwayo, njengokukha amanzi neenkuni, ukunyamekela abantakwenu, okanye ukusebenza kwiifama zentsapho. Kusenokubandakanya umsebenzi ohlawulayo kwimizi-mveliso eyingozi, efana nemigodi, yokwakha, okanye yokuvelisa, apho abantwana bachanabeka kwiimeko eziyingozi nakwizinto eziyingozi.

Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kunyhasha amalungelo abantwana kwaye kujongela phantsi amandla abo okuphuhlisa nokufikelela kwisakhono sabo esipheleleyo. Abantwana abanyanzelwa ukuba basebenze iiyure ezinde basenokungabi nalo ixesha lemfundo okanye imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa, enokuba nemiphumo emibi yexesha elide kwimpilo yabo yomzimba nengqondo.

Abantwana abasebenza phantsi kweemeko ezinobungozi banokufumana ukwenzakala okanye ukuchanabeka kwizinto eziyityhefu, ezinokuba neziphumo ezibi kwimpilo yabo nakuphuhliso.

Iinzame zokulwa nokuqeshwa kwabantwana zidla ngokugxininisa ekwandiseni ukufikelela kwimfundo, njengoko imfundo inguthunywashe ophambili ekunciphiseni ubuhlwempu nokuphucula amathuba abantwana. Oorhulumente nemibutho yezizwe ngezizwe baye bamisela imithetho nemimiselo yokwalela ezona ndlela zimasikizi zokuqeshwa kwabantwana, ezinjengobukhoboka, umsebenzi oyingozi, nokusebenza ngesinyanzelo. Ukongezelela, imibutho yamazwe ngamazwe kunye namaqela oluntu asebenze ukwazisa malunga nomba kunye nokuthethelela amalungelo abantwana.

Ngaphandle kwezi nzame, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kuseyingxaki egqubayo, kwaye kusekuninzi ekufuneka kwenziwe ukulungisa oonobangela nokukhusela amalungelo abantwana. Oku kuquka ukulungisa iimeko ezisisiseko zoqoqosho nezentlalo eziqhubela abantwana emsebenzini, njengentlupheko, ukungakwazi ukufikelela kwimfundo, nocalucalulo. Kukwathetha ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho nemigaqo yezabasebenzi nokubanika uxanduva abaqeshi ngendima yabo ekuxhatshazweni ngokuqeshwa kwabantwana.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuqeshwa kwabantwana yingxaki entsonkothileyo nenamacala amaninzi efuna indlela ebanzi nezinzileyo ukuze kulungiswe. Ngokubeka imfundo kwindawo yokuqala, ukujongana noonobangela abasisiseko bokuqeshwa kwabantwana, kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwemithetho nemimiselo yezabasebenzi, sinokuwakhusela amalungelo abantwana kwaye sibancede bafikelele kumandla abo apheleleyo.

Imigca engama-20 ngokuqeshwa kwabantwana ngesiHindi

1. Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kubhekisela ekuqeshweni kwabantwana kuwo nawuphi na umsebenzi obenza bangabi naxesha labantwana, uphazamisane nemfundo yabo, yaye uyingozi okanye uyingozi kwimpilo nakwintlalo-ntle yabo.
2. Ngokutsho koMbutho wezaBasebenzi waMazwe ngaMazwe, kukho malunga ne-152 lezigidi zabantwana kwihlabathi jikelele abasebenzisa abantwana.
3. Abantwana abasebenza phantsi kweemeko eziyingozi, njengemigodi, imizi-mveliso, okanye iifama, ngokufuthi bachanabeka koomatshini abayingozi, imichiza nezinye iingozi ezinokubangela ukwenzakala okumasikizi okanye ukufa.
4. Kwiimeko ezininzi, abantwana abanyanzelwa ukuba basebenze abahlawulwa, okanye bahlawulwa umvuzo omncinane kakhulu, yaye ngokufuthi baphathwa kakubi okanye baphathwa gadalala ngabaqeshi babo.
5. Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana ngokufuthi kwenzeka kumacandelo angekho sikweni, njengezolimo, apho abantwana banokusebenza kunye nabazali babo yaye bengakhuselwanga yimithetho yezabasebenzi.
6. Ukuqeshwa kwabantwana yingxaki yehlabathi lonke, kodwa kuxhaphake kakhulu kumazwe asakhasayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba intlupheko nokungabikho kokufikelela kwimfundo kunokubangela ukuba iintsapho zithumele abantwana bazo emsebenzini.
7. Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwaye akuvumelekanga kwiindibano zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemithetho yelizwe kumazwe amaninzi.
8. Oonobangela bokuqeshwa kwabantwana kuquka intlupheko, ukungafikeleli kwimfundo, izithethe, kunye nemfuno yezoqoqosho yokusetyenziswa kancinane.
9. Iinzame zokulwa ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ziquka ukubonelela ngemfundo noncedo lwezoqoqosho kwiintsapho, ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yezabasebenzi, nokwazisa ngalo mba.
10. Eminye imibutho isebenzela ukuhlangula abantwana kwiimeko ezixhatshazwayo ize ibanike imfundo noqeqesho lokubanceda babaleke umjikelo wobuhlwempu.
11. Imfundo ngundoqo ekupheliseni ukuqeshwa kwabantwana. Oku kungenxa yokuba inika abantwana izakhono nolwazi abaludingayo ukuze bafumane imisebenzi enentsingiselo njengabantu abadala kwaye baqhawule umjikelo wentlupheko.
12. Iinkampani ezininzi ziye zasebenzisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokuqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zazo azikho kubasebenzi babantwana kwaye azinagalelo kule ngxaki.
13. Oorhulumente nabo banokudlala indima ekulweni ukuqeshwa kwabantwana ngokunyanzelisa imithetho yezabasebenzi nokutyala imali kwimfundo nophuhliso lwezoqoqosho.
14. Ii-NGO kunye neminye imibutho isebenzela ukwazisa ngokuqeshwa kwabantwana kwaye ikhuthaze utshintsho lomgaqo-nkqubo ukulungisa lo mba.
15. Amanye amaphulo okuphelisa ukuqeshwa kwabantwana agxininisa ekwaziseni abantu ngeengozi zokuqeshwa kwabantwana. Bakwakhuthaza abathengi ukuba baxhase iinkampani ezingasebenzisi umsebenzi wabantwana kumakhonkco abo okubonelela.
16. Ngoxa kuye kwenziwa inkqubela ekunciphiseni inani labantwana abaqeshwayo, usemkhulu umsebenzi omele wenziwe ukuze kupheliswe lo mkhwa uyingozi.
17. Abantwana abanyanzelwa ukuba basebenze badla ngokuphoswa lithuba lokufumana imfundo, nto leyo enokuba neziphumo zexesha elide kwikamva labo kunye nophuhliso loluntu lwabo.
18. Ukusetyenziswa kwabantwana kunokuba nemiphumo emibi emzimbeni nasengqondweni ebantwaneni, kuquka ukwenzakala, ukugula, nokwenzakala ngokweemvakalelo.
19. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba ukuqeshwa kwabantwana akuyongxaki nje kumazwe akude, kodwa kwenzeka nakwimida yethu.
20. Kufuneka sisebenzisane sonke ukuphelisa ukuqeshwa kwabantwana kwaye siqinisekise ukuba wonke umntwana unethuba lokufumana imfundo nokufikelela kwisakhono sakhe esipheleleyo.