intshayelelo
Kubekho iminyaka engama-200 yolawulo lwaseBritane eIndiya. Abantu abaninzi banikela ngobomi babo ngelo xesha, yaye kwakukho iimfazwe ezininzi. Ngenxa yemigudu yabo, safumana inkululeko ngowe-1947 yaye sikhumbula bonke abafeli-nkolo abazincamayo egameni lenkululeko. Isango laseIndiya linesikhumbuzo esiquka amagama aba bantu, njengo-Ahmad Ullah Shah, Mangal Pandey, Vallabh Bhai Patel, Bhagat Singh, Aruna Asaf Ali, kunye noSubhash Chandra Bose. Wadlala indima ephambili kwimfazwe yenkululeko, kwakunye nokuba ngoyena mthathi-nxaxheba ukhutheleyo. Ezi nkokeli zonke zikhunjulwa ngentlonipho enzulu kuthi sonke.
AmaGama ali-150 athetha ngamaQhawe eNkululeko kunye noMzabalazo
Olona phuhliso lubalulekileyo kwimbali yaseIndiya yaba kukulwela inkululeko. Ukuze bazuze inkululeko yelizwe labo, abalweli benkululeko bancama ubomi babo ngokuzinikela.
Ngeenjongo zokurhweba ngeti, isilika nomqhaphu, amaBritani ahlasela iIndiya ngowe-1600. Ngokuthe ngcembe alawula eli lizwe aza adala uqhushululu, enyanzela abantu ukuba babe ngamakhoboka. Ngo-1857, intshukumo yokuqala echasene neBhritane yaphehlelelwa njengoko iIndiya yafumana inkululeko kulawulo lwaseBritane.
I-Non-Cooperation Movement yasungulwa nguMahatma Gandhi ngo-1920 ukuze ivuse i-Indian Independence Movement. UBhagat Singh, uRajuguru, noChandra Shekhar Azad babephakathi kwabalweli benkululeko abancama ubomi babo.
Ngo-1943, uMkhosi weSizwe waseIndiya wadalwa ukuze ugxothe iBritane. Emva kokuba kufikelelwe kwisivumelwano, iBritani yagqiba kwelokuba imke eIndiya ngoAgasti 15, 1947, laza elo lizwe lafumana inkululeko.
AmaGama ali-200 athetha ngamaQhawe eNkululeko kunye noMzabalazo
Mninzi umjikelo ecaleni kwethu osikhumbuza imbali yomzabalazo wenkululeko kunye nokuzincama okwenziwa ngabalweli benkululeko bethu. Siphila kwilizwe elilawulwa ngentando yesininzi nelizimeleyo ngenxa yabalweli benkululeko abanikela ngobomi babo ngenxa yenkululeko.
AmaBritani ayebaxhaphaza kwaye ebaxhaphaza ngenkohlakalo abantu awayebalwela. AmaBritane alawula iIndiya de kwangowe-1947 xa yafumana inkululeko. Ilizwe lethu laphenjelelwa kakhulu yiBritani ngaphambi kowe-1947.
Eminye yemimandla yaseIndiya yayiphantsi kolawulo lwamanye amazwe angaphandle, anje ngamaPhuthukezi nesiFrentshi. Asizange sibe naxesha lilula lokulwa nokugxotha abalawuli bangaphandle kwilizwe lethu. Abantu abaninzi baye baphakamisa umba wombutho wesizwe. Inkululeko yaba ngumzabalazo wexesha elide.
Ukufumana inkululeko yaseIndiya kwaba lufezekiso olukhulu ngenxa yabalweli benkululeko baseIndiya. Ngemfazwe yokuqala yenkululeko ngowe-1857, umbutho wenkululeko waqalisa ngokuchasene nolawulo lwamaBritane. Le mvukelo yaqalwa ngamaHindu namaSilamsi.
Imvukelo yamaIndiya ngokuchasene namaBritane yaqalwa nguMangal Panday, othe wagqalwa njengegorha kwiIndiya yanamhlanje. Emva kokuba inkongolo yesizwe yaseIndiya yasekwa ngo-1885, iintshukumo zenkululeko ziye zaqina kwilizwe lethu.
Abantu abaninzi kwisizwe sethu bakhuthazwe ziinkokeli zenkongolo yesizwe yaseIndiya. Abantu abaninzi besizwe babejonge kubo njengemizekelo. Isizwe saye soyisiwe ngamawaka abalweli benkululeko kwaye amawaka ancama ubomi bawo ngenxa yoko. Ekugqibeleni inkululeko yethu yafunyanwa ngamaBritani, amaFrentshi namaPhuthukezi, awathi ekugqibeleni asikhulula ngoAgasti 15, 1947.
Abalweli benkululeko benza ukuba sikwazi ukufumana inkululeko. Abantu baseIndiya basakhuthazwa ngamagalelo abo kumzabalazo wenkululeko nangona kukho umahluko kwiingcamango zabo.
AmaGama ali-500 athetha ngamaQhawe eNkululeko kunye noMzabalazo
Inkululeko yomntu ixhomekeke kwinkululeko yelizwe lakhe. Umlweli wenkululeko ngumntu ozincamayo ukuze ilizwe lakhe nabantu belizwe baphile ngokukhululeka. Ezona ntliziyo zinobukroti kwilizwe ngalinye ziya kubeka ubomi babo emgceni kubantu belizwe labo.
Ukongezelela ekulweleni ilizwe labo, abalweli benkululeko balwela bonke abo babandezeleka buthule, baphulukana neentsapho zabo, baphulukana nenkululeko, kwanamalungelo abo okuphila. Ukuthand’ izwe nothando lwabo ngelizwe labo kwenza abantu belizwe bawahlonele amaqhawe alwela inkululeko. Ngokulandela umzekelo wabo, abanye abemi banokunqwenela ukuphila ubomi obulungileyo.
Ukuncama ubomi bomntu ngenxa yelizwe likabani kusenokubonakala kungenakucingelwa ngabantu nje abaqhelekileyo, kodwa kumajoni enkululeko, yinto engenakucingeleka ngaphandle kokuqwalasela nayiphi na imiphumo emibi. Ukuze bafikelele usukelo lwabo, kufuneka banyamezele iintlungu ezinzima nobunzima. Bahlala betyala lonke ityala lesizwe lombulelo.
Abo babesilwela inkululeko abanakuzibaxa ngokubaluleka kwabo. Minyaka le, eli lizwe libhiyozela uSuku lweNkululeko ngembeko kumawakawaka abantu ababekhe bazabalazela inkululeko yabantu belizwe labo. Abantu bakowabo abanakuze bayilibale imibingelelo yabo.
Njengoko sivavanya imbali, sifumanisa ukuba uninzi lwabalweli benkululeko babengenamfazwe esesikweni okanye uqeqesho olunxulumeneyo phambi kokuba bazibandakanye nomzabalazo wenkululeko. Ukuthatha kwabo inxaxheba kwiimfazwe noqhanqalazo kwakukhatshwa kukwazi ukuba banokubulawa ngabachasi.
Yayingeyiyo inkcaso yezixhobo kuphela echasene noozwilakhe eyenza abalweli benkululeko. Abaqhankqalazi banikela ngemali, babengabameli bomthetho, bathabatha inxaxheba kumzabalazo wenkululeko ngoncwadi, njalo njalo. Amagunya angaphandle ayesilwa ngawona majoni akhaliphileyo. Ngokubonisa ukungabikho kokusesikweni kwezentlalo nolwaphulo-mthetho olwenziwa ngabanamandla, benza abemi balapho bawaqonde amalungelo abo.
Kukwesi sikhundla apho abalweli benkululeko baphembelela abanye ukuba bawazi amalungelo abo kwaye bafune ubulungisa kwabo balawulayo. Kwesi sikhundla, bashiya impembelelo engapheliyo kuluntu. Baphembelela abanye ukuba bangenele umzabalazo wabo.
Abalweli benkululeko babenoxanduva lokumanyanisa abantu belizwe kwimvakalelo yobuzwe nokuthanda izwe. Umzabalazo wenkululeko ubungeke ube yimpumelelo ngaphandle kwamaqhawe alwela inkululeko. Kwilizwe elikhululekileyo, sinokuphumelela ngenxa yabo.
AmaGama ali-600 athetha ngamaQhawe eNkululeko kunye noMzabalazo
Umlweli wenkululeko ngumntu oye walwela ilizwe ngokuchasene notshaba olunye. Ngexesha lokuhlasela kweBritani kwelaseIndiya ngeminyaka yoo-1700, balwa neentshaba ezazithabathe ilizwe. Kwakunokubakho uqhanqalazo olunoxolo okanye uqhanqalazo lomzimba lomlo ngamnye.
Abantu abaninzi abakhaliphileyo abalwela inkululeko yaseIndiya baye babizwa ngamagama anjengoBhagat Singh, uTantia Tope, uNana Sahib, uSubhash Chandra Bose, nabanye abaninzi. Isiseko senkululeko nedemokhrasi yaseIndiya sabekwa nguMahatma Gandhi, uJawhar Lal Nehru, kunye noBR Ambedkar.
Kwathatha ixesha elide kunye nomgudu omkhulu ukufumana inkululeko. UMahatma Gandhi wathi unguyise wesizwe sethu, wasebenzela ukupheliswa kokungachukumisi, ukuphela kobuhlwempu, kunye nokusekwa kwe-Swaraj (ukuzilawula), ukubeka uxinzelelo lwehlabathi kwiBritish. Umzabalazo wenkululeko waseIndiya waqala ngo-1857 kunye noRani Laxmibai.
Ukufa kwakhe ngamaBritane kwakubuhlungu, kodwa weza ukufuzisela ukuxhotyiswa kwabasetyhini kunye nokuthanda izwe. Izizukulwana ezizayo ziya kuphenjelelwa yimiqondiso yenkalipho enjalo. Imbali ayiwabhali amagama abafeli-nkolo abangachazwanga ababekhonza isizwe.
Ukuhlonela umntu kuthetha ukumbonisa intlonelo enzulu nembeko. Ukunika imbeko kwabo bancama ubomi babo ngethuba besebenzela isizwe sabo, kubekelwe bucala usuku olubizwa ngokuba “luSuku lwabafeli-nkolo”. Rhoqo ngonyaka, kubhiyozelwa ngomhla wamashumi amathathu kuMqungu ukuhlonipha abafeli-nkolo abathe babhubha besemsebenzini.
UMahatma Gandhi wabulawa ngoMhla woMfeli-nkolo nguNathuram Godse. Ukuhlonipha abalweli benkululeko abancama ubomi babo ngenxa yelizwe, sibamba umzuzu wokuthula ngolo suku.
Eli lizwe liye lenza imifanekiso eqingqiweyo emininzi ebonisa imbeko kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo, yaye iindlela ezininzi, iidolophu, amabala emidlalo nezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya zithiywe ngayo. Utyelelo lwam ePort Blair lwandisa kwiNtolongo ye<em>Cellular elawulwa yiBritani apho wonk’ ubani owayebuza iindlela zabo ayeza kuvalelwa kuyo.
Kwakukho amatsha ntliziyo amaninzi azimeleyo awayevalelwe entolongweni, kuquka uBatukeshwar Dutt kunye noBabarao Savarkar. Aba bantu bakhaliphileyo ngoku baboniswe kwimyuziyam kwintolongo ababehlala kuyo ngaphambili. Ngenxa yokugxothwa kweBritani eIndiya, inkoliso yamabanjwa yafela apho.
I-Indiya izaliswe ziimyuziyam ezithiywe ngamagama abalweli benkululeko, kuquka iNehru Planetarium kunye nenye imyuziyam yezemfundo ezinikele kwimfundo. Igalelo labo kweli lizwe liza kuchaphazeleka kancinci kuzo zonke ezi ntshukumo. Inkonzo yabo yokuzincama yasenza sabona ingomso elingcono ngenxa yegazi, ukubila neenyembezi zabo.
Kulo lonke elaseIndiya, iikhayithi zibhabha ngoMhla weNkululeko. Ngaloo mini, sonke simanyene njengamaIndiya. Njengophawu loxolo lwabalweli benkululeko, ndikhanyisa iidiyas. Njengoko imikhosi yethu yokhuselo ikhusela imida yethu, iyaqhubeka nokuphulukana nobomi. Nokuba kungokukhusela isizwe sabo okanye ukusisebenzela, ngumsebenzi wommi ngamnye ukusebenzela isizwe sakhe.
Ookhokho bethu abalweli inkululeko balwa amadabi angapheliyo ukuze basinike umhlaba okhululekileyo wokuba siphile, sisebenze, sitye. Ndiyathembisa ngokuhlonipha ukhetho lwabo. YiIndiya endikhuseleyo kwaye iya kuqhubeka isenza njalo kuzo zonke iintsuku zam. Ndiza kulithatha lelona wonga likhulu ebomini bam.
isiphelo
Ilizwe lethu likhululekile ngenxa yabalweli benkululeko. Ukuhlalisana ngokufanelekileyo nangoxolo kunye nokuqinisekisa ubulungisa bentlalontle, kufuneka sihloniphe imibingelelo yabo.
Amabali abalweli benkululeko ayalukhuthaza ulutsha lwanamhlanje. Kubo bonke ubomi babo, bebesilwela yaye bekholelwa kwimilinganiselo ebonisa ukwahluka kwabo ebomini. Thina njengabemi baseIndiya kufuneka silihloniphe kwaye silihloniphe idini ngokudala imeko-bume enoxolo elizweni