Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba ngesiNgisi amagama ayi-100
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumuntu ovelele emlandweni waseNdiya, aziwa ngamagalelo akhe kwezemfundo nezinguquko kwezenhlalo. Wazalwa ngo-1820, uVidyasagar wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuguquleni uhlelo lwemfundo yendabuko eBengal. Wawamela kakhulu amalungelo abantu besifazane futhi wasebenzela ukufukulwa kwabo ngokugqugquzela ukushada kabusha kwabafelokazi. I-Vidyasagar iphinde yalwa nokushada kwezingane futhi yasakaza ukubaluleka kwemfundo kubo bonke. Njengombhali nesazi, waba neqhaza elikhulu ezincwadini, ehumushela imibhalo yesiSanskrit ngesiBengali futhi wayenza ifinyeleleke kubantu abaningi. Imizamo engapheli kaVidyasagar nokuzibophezela okujulile ezindabeni zenhlalo kushiye uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni wezwe.
I-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba Sekilasi 9 & 10
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umguquli wezenhlalo ovelele, uthisha, umbhali, kanye ne-philanthropist yekhulu le-19, wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekubumbeni kabusha isimo sobuhlakani saseNdiya. Wazalwa ngoSepthemba 26, 1820, edolobhaneni elincane eliseWest Bengal, ithonya likaVidayasagar ladlulela ngalé kwesikhathi sakhe, lashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka emphakathini wamaNdiya.
Ukuzinikela kukaVidyasagar kwezemfundo kanye nezinguquko kwezenhlalo kwabonakala kusukela ekuqaleni. Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele eziningi nezinsizakusebenza ezilinganiselwe, waphishekela imfundo yakhe ngokuzinikela okukhulu. Uthando lwakhe lokufunda lwagcina lumholele ekutheni abe ngomunye wabantu abavelele e-Bengal Renaissance, isikhathi sokuvuselelwa okusheshayo kwezenhlalo namasiko esifundeni.
Elinye lamagalelo agqama kakhulu kaVidyasagar kwaba indima yakhe enkulu ekukhuthazeni imfundo yabesifazane. Emphakathini wendabuko wamaNdiya, abesifazane babevame ukuvinjelwa ukufinyelela emfundweni futhi bavalelwe emisebenzini yasekhaya. Ibona amandla amakhulu abantu besifazane, uVidyasagar wakhankasela ngokungakhathali ukusungulwa kwezikole zamantombazane futhi walwa nemikhuba ekhona yomphakathi ebibuyisela abesifazane emuva. Imibono yakhe eqhubekayo nemizamo engapheli yagcina iholele ekuphasisweni koMthetho Wokushada Umfelokazi ka-1856, owavumela abafelokazi abangamaHindu ilungelo lokuphinde bashade.
UVidyasagar wayaziwa nangokusekela kwakhe ngokungagodli ukuqedwa komshado wezingane kanye nesithembu. Ubuke le mikhuba njengeyingozi emphakathini futhi wasebenzela ukuyiqeda ngemikhankaso yemfundo nokuqwashisa. Imizamo yakhe yavula indlela yezinguquko zomthetho okuhloswe ngazo ukunqanda ukushada kwezingane kanye nokugqugquzela ukulingana ngokobulili.
Njengombhali, uVidyasagar ubhale izincwadi nezincwadi ezimbalwa ezidume kakhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala obaluleke kakhulu, othi, "Barna Parichay," waguqula uhlelo lwezinhlamvu zesiBengali, walwenza lufinyeleleke kalula futhi lusebenziseke kalula. Lo mnikelo wavula iminyango yemfundo ezinganeni ezingenakubalwa, njengoba zazingasakwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi onzima wokubhekana nombhalo oyinkimbinkimbi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-philanthropy kaVidyasagar yayingenamingcele. Wasekela ngenkuthalo izinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi futhi wanikela ngengxenye ebalulekile yengcebo yakhe ukuze athuthukise izigaba zomphakathi ezintulayo. Uzwela lwakhe olujulile ngabacindezelwe kanye nokuzibophezela kwakhe ezindabeni zosizo lwamenza waba umuntu othandekayo phakathi koquqaba.
Iminikelo eyigugu ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar emphakathini waseNdiya ishiye umthelela ongenakucimeka ezizukulwaneni ezizayo. Imibono yakhe eqhubekayo, umsebenzi ozinikele ekuguquleni imfundo, nokuzibophezela okungantengantengi ebulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kufanele ukuqashelwa nokunconywa. Ifa likaVidyasagar lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi abantu, abahlome ngolwazi nobubele, banamandla okuguqula umphakathi ube ngcono.
I-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba Sekilasi 7 & 8
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: A Visionary kanye Philanthropist
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umuntu ovelele wekhulu le-19, wayeyi-Bengali polymath, uthisha, umgqugquzeli wezenhlalakahle, kanye ne-philanthropist. Amagalelo akhe nokuzimisela okungaguquki kokuthuthukisa umphakathi kuhlala kungenakuqhathaniswa, okumenza isithonjana sangempela emlandweni waseNdiya.
Wazalwa ngoSepthemba 26, 1820, eNtshonalanga Bengal, uVidyasagar wavelela njengomuntu obalulekile kwi-Bengal Renaissance. Njengomsekeli oqotho wamalungelo kanye nemfundo yabesifazane, wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuguquleni uhlelo lwezemfundo eNdiya. Ngokugcizelela kwakhe imfundo yabesifazane, wayibekela inselele ngokuphumelelayo imikhuba nezinkolelo ezivamile ezazidlange ngaleso sikhathi.
Elinye lamagalelo abaluleke kakhulu kaVidyasagar lalisemkhakheni wezemfundo. Wayekholelwa ukuthi imfundo iyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukiswa komphakathi futhi ikhuthaza ukusabalala kwemfundo kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi. Imizamo yokungakhathali kaVidyasagar iholele ekusungulweni kwezikole namakolishi amaningi, iqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo ifinyeleleka kuwo wonke umuntu, kungakhathalekile ubulili noma isikhundla emphakathini. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi awukho umphakathi ongathuthuka ngaphandle kwemfundo yezakhamuzi zawo.
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wakhe kwezemfundo, uVidyasagar ubuye waba ngumpetha wamalungelo abesifazane. Wayemelene kakhulu nomkhuba wokushada kwezingane futhi walwela ukuphinde bashade nabafelokazi, bobabili ababebhekwa njengemibono eqine kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Umkhankaso wakhe ongaphezi wokulwa nalokhu kubi kwezenhlalo wagcina uholele ekuphasisweni koMthetho Wokushada Umfelokazi ka-1856, umthetho oyingqophamlando owawuvumela abafelokazi ukuthi baphinde bashade ngaphandle kokucwaswa emphakathini.
Imizamo ka-Vidyasagar yokusiza abanye yancomeka ngokufanayo. Wasungula izinhlangano eziningana ezisiza abampofu, okuhloswe ngazo ukuhlinzeka ngosizo nokusekelwa kwabampofu. Lezi zinhlangano zanikeza usizo olunjengokudla, izingubo zokugqoka, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nemfundo, ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi abaswele abashiywa behlupheka bodwa. Ukuzibophezela kwakhe ngokungagodli emsebenzini wezenhlalakahle kwamenza wabizwa ngokuthi “Dayar Sagar,” okusho ukuthi “ulwandle lomusa.”
Ngokubona amagalelo akhe amangalisayo, uVidyasagar waqokwa njengothishanhloko weSanskrit College eKolkata. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekusungulweni kweCalcutta University, eyabe isingesinye sezikhungo zemfundo ezihlonishwayo eNdiya. Ukuphishekela ulwazi kukaVidyasagar nemizamo yakhe yokuguqula imfundo kushiye umthelela ongacimeki endaweni yezemfundo yaseNdiya.
Ifa lika-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwane. Imizamo yakhe engakhathali yokuletha izinguquko emphakathini, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni yezemfundo namalungelo abesifazane, isebenza njengesikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo samandla ombono nokuzimisela komuntu ngamunye. Ukuzinikela kwakhe nokuzibophezela kwakhe okungaguquki ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi ngokungangabazeki kushiye uphawu oluhlala njalo futhi kwaqinisa indawo yakhe njengomboni wemibono, i-philanthropist, kanye nomguquli wezenhlalo osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Sengiphetha, umoya ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wokungabekezeli, ukufuna ulwazi ngokungaphezi, nokuzinikela okungenabugovu ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi wakhe kumenza umuntu oyingqayizivele emlandweni waseNdiya. Igalelo lakhe kwezemfundo, amalungelo abesifazane, kanye nokuphana lishiye umthelela waphakade emphakathini. Impilo nomsebenzi ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar usebenza njengesibani esiqondisayo, okusikhumbuza ngesibopho sethu sokulwela ukuba nomphakathi onokulingana nozwela.
I-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba Sekilasi 5 & 6
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umuntu ovelele emlandweni waseNdiya, wayengumguquli wezenhlalo, isazi sezemfundo, kanye ne-philanthropist. Wazalwa ngo-1820 esifundeni saseBirbhum eNtshonalanga Bengal yanamuhla, wabamba iqhaza elikhulu enhlanganweni yeRenaissance yaseBengal ngekhulu le-19. I-Vidyasagar ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “Ulwandle Lolwazi” ngenxa yeqhaza lakhe elikhulu emkhakheni wezemfundo nezinguquko kwezenhlalo.
Kunzima ukuhlanganisa umthelela womsebenzi ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar endimeni eyodwa, kodwa umnikelo wakhe ophawuleka kakhulu usemkhakheni wezemfundo. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi imfundo iwukhiye wenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi futhi walwela ukuyenza ifinyeleleke kubo bonke, kungakhathalekile ubulili noma isigaba. Njengothishanhloko weSanskrit College eKolkata, wasebenzela ukuguqula uhlelo lwezemfundo. Wethula izinguquko eziningana, kuhlanganise nokuqedwa komkhuba wokubamba ngekhanda nokuphindaphinda imibhalo ngaphandle kokuqonda incazelo yawo. Esikhundleni salokho, uVidyasagar ugcizelele ukucabanga okujulile, ukucabanga, nokuthuthukiswa kolaka lwesayensi phakathi kwabafundi.
Ngaphezu kwezinguquko zemfundo, u-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengummeli oshisekayo wamalungelo abantu besifazane futhi elwela imbangela yokuphinde ashade nomfelokazi. Ngaleso sikhathi, abafelokazi ngokuvamile babebhekwa njengabalahliwe emphakathini futhi bencishwa amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo. U-Vidyasagar walwa nalo mcabango ohlehlayo futhi wakhuthaza ukushada futhi komfelokazi njengendlela yokuthuthukisa abesifazane nokubanikeza impilo ehloniphekile. Wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphasisweni koMthetho Wokushada Umfelokazi ngo-1856, owavumela abafelokazi ilungelo lokuphinde bashade.
Umsebenzi kaVidyasagar udlulele nasekuqedweni komshado wezingane, ukugqugquzelwa kwemfundo yabesifazane, kanye nokufukula abaphansi. Wayekholelwa kakhulu ukubaluleka kokulingana kwezenhlalakahle futhi wasebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze aphule imigoqo yokucwaswa ngokwezigaba. Imizamo kaVidyasagar yavula indlela yezinguquko kwezenhlalo ezingalolonga ikusasa lomphakathi waseNdiya.
Sekukonke, ifa lika-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar njengomgqugquzeli wezenhlalo kanye nesazi sezemfundo alinakucimeka. Amagalelo akhe abeka isisekelo somphakathi othuthukayo nobandakanya wonke umuntu eNdiya. Umthelela womsebenzi wakhe usaqhubeka ubonakala nanamuhla, ukhuthaza izizukulwane ukuba zilwele ukulingana, imfundo, nobulungisa. Ekuboneni ukubaluleka kwemfundo nezinguquko kwezenhlalo, izimfundiso nemibono kaVidyasagar isebenza njengesibani esiyisiqondiso kubo bonke, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokusebenza ngenkuthalo ekwakheni umphakathi onobulungiswa nolinganayo.
I-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Isigaba Sekilasi 3 & 4
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumguquli wezenhlalo owaziwayo waseNdiya kanye nesazi esabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuvuselelweni kweBengal ngekhulu le-19. Wazalwa ngoSepthemba 26, 1820, eBengal, uVidyasagar wayenengqondo ekhaliphile kusukela esemncane. Wayedume kakhulu ngemizamo yakhe engapheli yokuguqula umphakathi wamaNdiya, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kwezemfundo kanye namalungelo abantu besifazane.
UVidyasagar wayengummeli oshisekayo wemfundo yabo bonke abantu, futhi wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi imfundo iyisihluthulelo sokuthuthukisa izigaba zomphakathi ezazinganakiwe. Unikele ingxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe ekukhuthazeni nasekuthuthukiseni amathuba emfundo, ikakhulukazi yamantombazane. UVidyasagar wabamba iqhaza elikhulu ekusunguleni izikole namakolishi amaningana abesifazane, ephula imigoqo yangaleso sikhathi eyayivimbela ukufinyelela kwabesifazane emfundweni. Imizamo yakhe yavulela inqwaba yabesifazane abasebasha ithuba lokuthola imfundo, ibanikeze amandla okuphishekela amaphupho abo nokuba negalelo emphakathini.
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe kwezemfundo, u-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayebuye abe yiqhawe elinamandla lamalungelo abantu besifazane. Walwa ngenkuthalo nokubi emphakathini njengokushada kwezingane kanye nokucindezelwa kwabafelokazi. I-Vidyasagar yayizimisele ukuletha izinguquko futhi yasebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuqeda le mikhuba emphakathini. Amagalelo akhe aba nesandla ekuphasisweni koMthetho Wokushada Umfelokazi ngo-1856, owawuvumela abafelokazi ukuthi baphinde bashade, okubanikeza ithuba lokuphila okungcono.
Uthando lukaVidyasagar lwezinguquko lwadlulela ngalé kwemfundo namalungelo abantu besifazane. Ubambe iqhaza elibalulekile ezindabeni zomphakathi njengokugqugquzela ukuqedwa komkhuba weSati, owawubandakanya ukucwiliswa kwabafelokazi ezindlini zomngcwabo zabayeni babo. Imizamo yakhe yaholela ekuphasisweni kwe-Bengal Sati Regulation ngo-1829, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo lo mkhuba ongenabuntu.
Ngaphezu kwamagalelo akhe abalulekile kwezenhlalo nezombusazwe, u-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar naye wayengumbhali nesifundiswa esinekhono. Mhlawumbe waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wokumiswa kolimi lwesiBengali kanye nombhalo. Imizamo yokucophelela kaVidyasagar yokuguqula izinhlamvu zesiBengali yenze yaba lula kakhulu, yayenza ifinyeleleke kalula kubantu abaningi. Iminikelo yakhe yokubhala, kuhlanganise nezincwadi zokufunda kanye nokuhunyushwa kwemibhalo yasendulo yesiSanskrit, isaqhubeka ifundwa futhi yaziswa kuze kube namuhla.
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumboni kanye nephayona langempela lesikhathi sakhe. Imizamo yakhe engapheli njengomshicileli wezenhlalo, uthisha, kanye nomlweli wamalungelo abesifazane iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Ukuzibophezela kwakhe okungantengantengi kwezemfundo kanye nobulungiswa bezenhlalakahle kwashiya uphawu olungenakucimeka emphakathini, kwabeka isisekelo seNdiya elinganayo nethuthukayo. Iminikelo ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar izokhunjulwa futhi igujwe kuze kube phakade, njengoba ehlala eyisibonelo esigqamile sokuzinikela nomthelela woguquko.
Imigqa engu-10 ku-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, isazi esivelele emlandweni waseNdiya, wayengumuntu onezici eziningi owadlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni isimo senhlalo nemfundo yezwe. Wazalwa ngo-26th September 1820, emndenini othobekile wakwa-Brahmin e-Bengal, u-Vidyasagar wabonisa ukuhlakanipha okuphawulekayo nokuzimisela kusukela esemncane. Imizamo yakhe engapheli yokuguqula umphakathi kanye neqhaza lakhe elibalulekile kwezemfundo, amalungelo abesifazane, kanye nokuphakanyiswa kwezigaba zomphakathi ezazinganakiwe kumtholele isicoco esithi “Vidyasagar,” okusho ukuthi “Ulwandle Lolwazi.”
UVidyasagar wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi imfundo yayiwukhiye wenqubekelaphambili yomphakathi. Uzinikele emzamweni wokusabalalisa imfundo kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi egxile ekuthuthukisweni kwabesifazane. Waqala izikole namakolishi amaningana, ethuthukisa isiBengali njengendlela yokufundisa esikhundleni sesiSanskrit, okwakuwulimi oluqavile ngaleso sikhathi. Imizamo kaVidyasagar ibambe iqhaza elibalulekile ekwenzeni imfundo ifinyeleleke kubo bonke, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uluphi uhlobo, inkolo, noma ubulili.
Ngaphandle kokuba ungoti wezemfundo ovelele, uVidyasagar uphinde walwela imbangela yamalungelo abantu besifazane. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinile ekulinganeni kobulili futhi wasebenza ngokungaphezi ekuqedeni imikhuba yezenhlalo ebandlululayo enjengomshado wezingane, isithembu, kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwabesifazane. UVidyasagar waba nesandla ekuphasiseni uMthetho Wokushada Umfelokazi ngo-1856, uvumela abafelokazi ukuthi baphinde bashade futhi ubanikeze ilungelo lokuba nempahla.
Ukuzimisela kukaVidyasagar ukuletha izinguquko emphakathini kudlulele ngale kwemfundo namalungelo abantu besifazane. Walwa kakhulu nobubi obuhlukahlukene bezenhlalo njengokubandlululwa ngokwezigaba futhi wasebenza ngokuzikhandla ekufukuleni amaDalits neminye imiphakathi eyayincishwe amathuba. Ukuzibophezela kukaVidyasagar kubulungiswa bezenhlalo nokulingana kukhuthaze abaningi futhi kusaqhubeka nokuba ugqozi nanamuhla.
Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yakhe yokuguqula umphakathi, uVidyasagar wayengumbhali, imbongi, kanye ne-philanthropist. Wabhala izincwadi eziningana ezaziwayo, kuhlanganise nezincwadi zokufunda, amaqoqo ezinkondlo, nezincwadi zomlando. Imizamo yakhe yokusiza abantu yadlulela nasekusunguleni imitapo yolwazi, izibhedlela, nezikhungo ezisiza abampofu, ehlose ukuphakamisa izigaba zomphakathi ezintulayo.
Iminikelo kanye nezimpumelelo zikaVidyasagar zishiye uphawu olungenakucimeka emlandweni waseNdiya. Ithonya lakhe elijulile kwezemfundo, amalungelo abesifazane, izinguquko zomphakathi, kanye nezincwadi lisabonakala emphakathini wanamuhla. Ukuzinikela okungantengantengi kukaVidyasagar ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi kumenza isikhanyiso sangempela kanye nengqikithi yolwazi nobubele.
Sengiphetha, impilo nomsebenzi ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar kuwubufakazi bokuzibophezela kwakhe okungaguquki ekuhlomiseni abantu abebencishwe amathuba kanye nokufukula umphakathi wonkana. Iminikelo yakhe emikhakheni yezemfundo, amalungelo abesifazane, kanye nezinguquko zezenhlalakahle iyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza futhi ilolonge indwangu yeNdiya yanamuhla. Ifa likaVidyasagar njengesazi sezemfundo, umgqugquzeli wezenhlalo, umbhali, kanye ne-philanthropist liyohlonishwa ingunaphakade, futhi amagalelo akhe azokhunjulwa ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.