Gabatarwa
Tabbatarwa da kiyaye muradun Afrikaner shine babban makasudin jam'iyyar National Party (NP) lokacin da aka zabe ta a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1948. Bayan kundin tsarin mulki na 1961, wanda ya hana 'yan Afirka ta Kudu bakar fata 'yancin kada kuri'a, jam'iyyar National Party ta ci gaba da kula da ita. Afirka ta Kudu ta hanyar wariyar launin fata.
Kiyayya da tashin hankali sun zama ruwan dare a lokacin wariyar launin fata. Ƙungiyoyin yaƙi da nuna wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu sun yi kira da a kakaba mata takunkumin kasa da kasa kan gwamnatin Afrikaner bayan kisan kiyashin da aka yi a Sharpeville a shekarar 1960, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar masu zanga-zangar bakar fata 69 (Tarihin Afirka ta Kudu Online).
Wariyar launin fata ba ta da isasshen wakilcin muradun Afrikan, a cewar ƴan Afirka da dama waɗanda ke nuna shakku kan yunƙurin da jam'iyyar NP ta yi na kiyaye ta. 'Yan Afirka ta Kudu suna kiran kansu a matsayin 'yan Afirka a kabilanci da siyasa. Boers, wanda ke nufin 'manoma', ana kuma kiransa da Afirkaners har zuwa ƙarshen 1950s.
Cikakken Maƙalar Kishin Ƙasa ta Afirkaner
Ko da yake suna da ma'anoni daban-daban, waɗannan sharuɗɗan suna ɗan iya musanyawa. Jam'iyyar National Party ta wakilci dukkan muradun Afirka ta Kudu kafin wariyar launin fata a matsayin jam'iyyar da ke adawa da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya. Saboda haka, masu kishin kasa sun nemi cikakken 'yancin kai daga Biritaniya ba kawai a siyasance (Fara) ba, har ma da tattalin arziki (Autarky) da al'adu (Davenport).
Afro-Afrika, baƙar fata, masu launi, da Indiya sune manyan ƙabilun huɗu na Afirka ta Kudu a wannan lokacin. A lokacin, masu mulkin sun ƙunshi farar fata masu magana da Afirka: sun yi iƙirarin cewa an kawo baƙar fata da launin fata don yin aiki ba tare da son rai ba a lokacin ƴan ƙauyuka-mallaka, don haka ba su da tarihi ko al'ada. Saboda haka, kishin ƙasa na Afrikaner ya zama akidar kiyayewa (Davenport) ga farar al'adun gargajiya.
Tarihin Afrika ta Kudu
Haɓaka shigar mutanen Indiya cikin gwamnati da siyasa na nuni da cewa kishin ƙasa na Afrikaner yana ƙara samun shiga yayin da aka amince da Indiyawa a matsayin 'yan Afirka ta Kudu.
A lokacin mulkin wariyar launin fata, farar fata 'yan Afirka ta Kudu suna magana da Afirkaans, harshen da aka samo daga Dutch. A matsayin harshen hukuma na Afirka ta Kudu, Afrikaner ya zama kalmar gama gari don kwatanta ƙabila da harshenta.
Talakawa fararen fata ne suka haɓaka yaren Afrikaans a matsayin madadin daidaitaccen harshen Holland. Ba a koyawa Afrikaans wa masu magana baƙar fata a lokacin wariyar launin fata, wanda ya sa aka sake masa suna Afrikaner maimakon Afrikaans.
DF Malan ne ya kafa jam'iyyar Het Volk (Norden) a matsayin kawance tsakanin jam'iyyun Afrikaner, kamar Afrikaner bond da Het Volk. JBM Hertzog ne ya kafa jam'iyyar United Party (UP) a shekarar 1939 bayan ya balle daga reshensa mai sassaucin ra'ayi ya kafa gwamnatocin NP guda uku a jere daga 1924 zuwa 1939.
Bakar fatar Afirka ta Kudu sun samu nasarar karbe ikon neman karin hakki a wannan lokacin daga jam'iyyar adawa ta United Party, wacce ta kawar da wariyar launin fata zuwa bangarori daban-daban na tasiri da ake kira Grand Apartheid, wanda ke nufin turawa za su iya sarrafa abin da bakar fata ke yi a yankunansu na kebbi (Norden).
Jam’iyyar ta kasa
An rarraba 'yan Afirka ta Kudu cikin kabilanci bisa ga kamanninsu da matsayinsu na zamantakewar al'umma a karkashin dokar rajistar yawan jama'a da NP ta kafa bayan da ta doke United Party a 1994. Domin gina tushen goyon bayan jam'iyyar siyasarta, NP ta shiga. sojojin da Afrikanerbond da Het Volk.
An kafa shi ne a cikin 1918 don magance ƙasƙanci ƙasƙanci da mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya (Norden) ya haifar a tsakanin Afrikaners ta hanyar "mulki da kare" su. Fararen fata ne kawai waɗanda suka shiga haɗin gwiwar Afirkaner tunda suna da sha'awar muraɗaɗi ɗaya kawai: harshe, al'adu, da 'yancin kai na siyasa daga Burtaniya.
An amince da Afrikaans bisa hukuma a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin harsunan hukuma na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin 1925 ta Afirkaner bond, wanda ya kafa Afirkaanse Taal-en Kultuurvereniging. Har ila yau, NP ta fara tallafawa ayyukan al'adu irin su kide-kide da kungiyoyin matasa don kawo Afirkaners a karkashin tuta guda (Hankins) da kuma tattara su a cikin al'ummar al'adu.
Akwai ƙungiyoyi a cikin jam'iyyar ta ƙasa waɗanda suka dogara ne akan bambance-bambancen zamantakewa na zamantakewa, maimakon kasancewa ƙungiya ɗaya: wasu mambobi sun gane cewa suna buƙatar ƙarin goyon baya don cin nasara a zabukan 1948.
Hakanan kuna iya karanta sauran kasidun da aka ambata daga gidan yanar gizon mu kyauta,
Ƙasar Afrikaner
Ta hanyar haɓaka kishin ƙasa na Kirista ga 'yan Afirka ta Kudu, Jam'iyyar National Party ta ƙarfafa 'yan ƙasa da su mutunta maimakon tsoron bambance-bambancen su, don haka samun kuri'a daga Afrikaners (Norden). Ana iya ɗaukar akidar ta nuna wariyar launin fata tunda ba a san daidaito tsakanin jinsi ba; maimakon haka, ya ba da shawarar sarrafa yankin da aka ba wa baƙar fata ba tare da haɗa su cikin wasu ƙungiyoyi ba.
A sakamakon wariyar launin fata, an raba baƙi da baƙi a siyasance da tattalin arziki. Saboda farar fata na iya samun ingantacciyar matsuguni, makarantu, da damar tafiye-tafiye, rarrabuwa ya zama tsarin zamantakewar al'umma da aka kafa wanda ke fifita fatara masu arziki (Norden).
Ta hanyar samun kuri'un jama'ar Afrikaner a 1948, Jam'iyyar National Party ta hau kan karagar mulki a hankali duk da adawa da wariyar launin fata. Sun kafa mulkin wariyar launin fata a hukumance shekara guda bayan lashe zaben, a matsayin dokar tarayya da ta baiwa farar fata Afirka ta Kudu damar shiga wakilcin siyasa ba tare da ‘yancin kada kuri’a ba (Hankins).
A cikin 1950s, karkashin Firayim Minista Dr. NP, an aiwatar da wannan mummunan nau'i na kula da zamantakewa. Ta hanyar maye gurbin Ingilishi da Afrikaans a makarantu da ofisoshin gwamnati, Hendrik Verwoerd ya share fagen bunkasa al'adun Afirkaner inda fararen fata ke bikin bambance-bambancen su maimakon boye su (Norden).
Haka kuma NP ta bayar da katin shaida na tilas ga bakaken fata a kowane lokaci. Saboda rashin ingantaccen izini, an hana su barin yankin da aka keɓe.
An tsara tsarin kula da zamantakewa don sarrafa motsi na baki ta hanyar jami'an 'yan sanda farar fata, wanda ya sa 'yan asalin kasar su ji tsoron tafiya zuwa yankunan da aka sanya wa wasu jinsi (Norden). Sakamakon kin mika kai ga ‘yan tsiraru da turawan Nelson Mandela ya yi, jam’iyyarsa ta ANC ta tsunduma cikin gwagwarmayar adawa da wariyar launin fata.
Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar Bantustans, ƙungiyoyin masu kishin ƙasa sun kiyaye talaucin Afirka tare da hana 'yantar da su. Duk da cewa suna zaune a wani yanki mai fama da talauci na kasar, mutanen kudancin Afirka sai sun biya haraji ga gwamnatin farar fata (Norden) saboda bantustan filaye ne na musamman da aka keɓe don baƙar fata.
A wani bangare na manufofin jam'iyyar NP, an kuma bukaci bakar fata su dauki katin shaida. Ta wannan hanyar, 'yan sanda suna iya sanya ido kan motsin su tare da kama su idan sun shiga wani yanki na wata tseren. "Jami'an tsaro" sun mamaye garuruwan da bakar fata suka yi zanga-zangar rashin adalcin gwamnati kuma aka kama su ko kuma aka kashe su.
Bayan an hana su wakilci a majalisa, baƙar fata sun sami ƙarancin sabis na ilimi da na likita fiye da farar fata (Hankins). Nelson Mandela ya zama shugaban kasar Afirka ta Kudu mai cikakken dimokuradiyya a shekara ta 1994 bayan jam'iyyar NP ta mulki Afirka ta Kudu a zamanin mulkin wariyar launin fata daga 1948 zuwa 1994.
Yawancin membobin NP sun kasance 'yan Afirkan da suka yi imanin cewa mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya ya "lalata" ƙasarsu bayan yakin duniya na biyu saboda mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya (Walsh). Har ila yau, Jam'iyyar National Party ta yi amfani da 'Kiristanci na Kirista' don samun kuri'un mutanen Afrikaner ta hanyar da'awar cewa Allah ne ya halicci jinsin duniya don haka dole ne a mutunta shi maimakon a ji tsoro (Norden).
Duk da haka, ana iya kallon wannan akidar a matsayin mai nuna wariyar launin fata tun da ba ta amince da daidaito tsakanin jinsi ba; kawai ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata baƙar fata su kasance masu zaman kansu a cikin yankunan da aka ba su maimakon haɗa kai da wasu. Saboda cikakken ikon da NP ke da shi a Majalisar, baƙar fata ba su manta da rashin adalci na wariyar launin fata ba amma sun kasa magance shi.
Sakamakon mulkin mallaka na Birtaniya bayan yakin duniya na farko, Afrikaners ya goyi bayan jam'iyyar National Party. Wannan jam'iyyar ta nemi ƙirƙirar al'ada ta dabam inda turawa za su kasance da alhakin gwamnati. Architeid na mulkin wariyar launin fata Dr. Hendrik Verwoerd ya inganta rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin bakar fata da farare a lokacin Firayim Minista tsakanin 1948 zuwa 1952.
Nordics sun yi imanin cewa ya kamata a rungumi bambance-bambance maimakon a ji tsoro saboda akwai bambance-bambancen da ba za a iya daidaita su ba wanda ƙungiya ɗaya za ta mamaye koyaushe. Ko da yake Hankins ya ba da shawarar cewa baƙar fata 'yan ƙasa su kasance a cikin bantustans maimakon haɗawa da wasu al'adu (Hankins), ya kasa gane waɗannan ƙungiyoyin 'marasa sulhu' a matsayin daidai.
Baya ga bukatar bakaken fata su rike katin shaida, jam’iyyar NP ta fitar da dokoki don sanya su yin hakan. ‘Yan sanda sun sami damar sanya ido a kan motsinsu cikin sauki sakamakon haka. Idan an kama su suna tsallakawa zuwa wani yanki da aka keɓe don wata tsere, an kama su.
An zabi Nelson Mandela a matsayin shugaban Afrika ta Kudu bakar fata na farko (Norden) a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1994, wanda ke nuna kawo karshen mulkin wariyar launin fata. A cikin jawabinsa bayan ya zama shugaban kasa, Mandela ya fito karara ya bayyana cewa ba shi da niyyar tozarta 'yan Afrikan. A maimakon haka, ya nemi inganta abubuwan da ke da kyau yayin da yake gyara "bangarorin da ba a so na tarihin Afrikaner" (Hendricks).
Lokacin da aka zo batun laifukan mulkin wariyar launin fata, ya yi kira da Gaskiya da Sulhu a maimakon ramuwa, yana ba da damar kowane bangare su tattauna abin da ya faru ba tare da tsoron hukunci ko ramuwar gayya ba.
Mandela wanda ya taimaka wajen kafa sabuwar gwamnatin ANC bayan ya sha kaye a zaben, bai rusa jam'iyyar NP ba, sai dai ya inganta sulhu tsakanin 'yan Afrikan da wadanda ba 'yan Afirka ba, ta hanyar kawo al'adu da al'adun Afrikaner a kan gaba wajen sulhunta kabilanci.
Duk da kabilunsu, 'yan Afirka ta Kudu sun sami damar kallon wasannin rugby tare saboda wasan ya zama abin da ya haɗa al'ummar ƙasar. Bakar fata da suka buga wasanni suna kallon talabijin, kuma suna karanta jaridu ba tare da tsoron zalunci ba, fatan Nelson Mandela ne a gare su (Norden).
An kawar da wariyar launin fata a cikin 1948, amma ba a kawar da Afirkan gaba daya ba. Duk da cewa wasanni na kabilanci ba wai yana nufin jam'iyyar NP ta daina mulkin kasar ba, yana kawo fata ga al'ummomin Afirka ta Kudu a nan gaba su sami damar yin sulhu da abubuwan da suka gabata maimakon rayuwa cikin tsoro.
Bakar fatar Afirka ta Kudu ba sa ganin farar fata a matsayin azzalumai saboda sun fi shiga al'adun Afrikaner. Da zarar Mandela ya sauka daga karagar mulki, za a samu saukin samun zaman lafiya tsakanin bakake da farare. Nufin gina kyakkyawar dangantaka tsakanin jinsi ya fi muhimmanci a yanzu fiye da kowane lokaci, kamar yadda Nelson Mandela zai yi ritaya a ranar 16 ga Yuni, 1999.
A zamanin mulkin Nelson Mandela, Afrikaners sun sake jin daɗin matsayinsu a cikin al'umma saboda an kawo gwamnatin farar fata a ƙarni na 21. Kusan tabbas shugaba Jacob Zuma zai sake zaben shugaban kasar Afrika ta Kudu a shekara ta 2009 a matsayin shugaban jam'iyyar ANC (Norden).
Kammalawa,
Tun da jam’iyyar NP tana da rinjayen madafun iko bisa goyon bayan masu jefa kuri’a daga Afrikaner, sun sami damar rike madafun iko a majalisar har sai da suka fadi zabensu; Don haka, turawa sun damu cewa zabar wata jam'iyya zai haifar da karin iko ga baƙar fata, wanda zai haifar da asarar gata na farar fata saboda shirye-shirye na tabbatarwa idan sun zabi wata jam'iyya.