Brown v Hukumar Ilimi Summary
Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi ta kasance wani muhimmin shari'ar Kotun Koli ta Amurka da aka yanke hukunci a shekara ta 1954. Shari'ar ta ƙunshi ƙalubalen shari'a ga wariyar launin fata na makarantun gwamnati a jihohi da yawa. A cikin shari'ar, ƙungiyar iyayen Amurkawa 'yan Afirka sun kalubalanci tsarin mulki na "raba ɗaya amma daidai" dokokin da ke tilasta wariya a makarantun gwamnati. Kotun koli ta yanke hukunci baki daya cewa wariyar launin fata a makarantun gwamnati ya saba wa garantin kwaskwarima na goma sha hudu na samun kariya daidai gwargwado karkashin doka. Kotun ta bayyana cewa ko da kayan aikin jiki daidai suke, aikin raba yara bisa launin fata ya haifar da rashin daidaiton damar ilimi. Shawarar da ta soke koyarwar Plessy v. Ferguson da ta gabata "raba ɗaya amma daidai" ta kasance babban ci gaba a cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam. Ya kawo karshen rarrabuwar kawuna a makarantun gwamnati tare da kafa misali na kawar da sauran cibiyoyin gwamnati. Hukuncin Kwamitin Ilimi na Brown da na Brown yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci ga al'ummar Amurka kuma ya haifar da yunƙurin gwagwarmayar haƙƙin jama'a da ƙalubalen shari'a ga rarrabuwa. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci da tasiri hukuncin Kotun Koli a tarihin Amurka.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi muhimmancin
Muhimmancin shari'ar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown v. Ba za a iya wuce gona da iri ba. Lokaci ne mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a kuma yana da tasiri mai yawa ga al'ummar Amurka. Anan ga wasu mahimman mahimmancinsa:
Jujjuya "Raba amma Daidai":
Hukuncin a fili ya soke ƙa'idar da shari'ar Plessy v. Ferguson ta kafa a cikin 1896, wanda ya kafa koyaswar "raba ɗaya amma daidai". Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi ta bayyana cewa rarrabuwar kai kanta ba ta dace ba a ƙarƙashin Kwaskwarima na Goma sha huɗu. Rage Makarantun Jama'a:
Hukuncin ya ba da umarnin raba makarantun gwamnati tare da kawo karshen rarrabuwar kawuna a fannin ilimi. Ya ba da hanyar haɗin kai na sauran cibiyoyi da wuraren jama'a, yana ƙalubalantar rarrabuwar kabilanci mai zurfi na lokacin.
Muhimmancin Alamar:
Bayan abubuwan da suka shafi shari'a da a aikace, shari'ar tana da muhimmiyar ma'ana ta alama. Hakan ya nuna cewa Kotun Koli a shirye take ta dauki matakin yaki da wariyar launin fata kuma ta nuna babban kudurin tabbatar da daidaito da kuma kariya daidai gwargwado karkashin doka.
Ƙaunar Haƙƙin Bil'adama Ta Fasa:
Shawarar ta haifar da yunƙurin fafutukar kare haƙƙin jama'a, wanda ya kunna ƙungiyoyin da ke fafutukar tabbatar da daidaito da adalci. Ya ba da kuzari da tattara ’yan Afirka Amurkawa da abokansu don ƙalubalantar wariyar launin fata da wariya a kowane fanni na rayuwa.
Alamar Shari'a:
Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi ta kafa wani muhimmin misali na shari'a don shari'o'in 'yancin ɗan adam na gaba. Ya ba da ginshiƙi na doka don ƙalubalantar wariyar launin fata a wasu cibiyoyin gwamnati, kamar gidaje, sufuri, da jefa ƙuri'a, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin nasara a yaƙin neman daidaito.
Ƙarfafa Ra'ayoyin Tsarin Mulki:
Hukuncin ya sake tabbatar da ka'idar cewa juzu'in kariyar daidaiton doka ta goma sha huɗu ta shafi dukkan 'yan ƙasa kuma wariyar launin fata ba ta dace da muhimman abubuwan Kundin Tsarin Mulki ba. Ya taimaka wajen kiyaye haƙƙoƙi da ƴancin al'ummomin da aka ware da kuma ci gaba da tabbatar da adalci na launin fata.
Gabaɗaya, shari'ar hukumar kula da ilimi ta Brown da ta taka rawar gani sosai a cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam, wanda ya haifar da gagarumin ci gaba a gwagwarmayar daidaiton launin fata da adalci a Amurka.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi rarrabẽwa
A cikin hukuncin hukumar ilimi ta Brown v. Kotun Koli ta Amurka baki ɗaya ta amince da cewa wariyar launin fata a makarantun jama'a ta keta ƙa'idar Kariya ta 1952 Kwaskwarima. An yi gardama a gaban Kotun a shekara ta 1953 da 17 kuma a ƙarshe an yanke hukunci a ranar 1954 ga Mayu, 1896. Ra’ayin Kotun, wanda Babban Mai Shari’a Earl Warren ya rubuta, ya bayyana cewa “guraben ilimi dabam dabam ba su daidaita ba.” Ya bayyana cewa ko da kayan aikin jiki daidai suke, aikin raba dalibai bisa ga launin fata ya haifar da rashin tausayi da rashin tausayi wanda ke da tasiri ga iliminsu da ci gaban su gaba daya. Kotun ta yi watsi da ra'ayin cewa bambancin launin fata za a iya ɗauka a matsayin tsarin mulki ko kuma a yarda da shi a ƙarƙashin ƙa'idodin kariya daidai na Kwaskwarima na goma sha huɗu. Shawarar ta soke abin da ya gabata na "rarrabuwa amma daidai" da aka kafa a cikin Plessy v. Ferguson (XNUMX), wanda ya ba da izinin rarrabuwa muddin akwai daidaitattun wurare da aka ba kowane tsere. Kotun ta ce rarrabuwar kawuna a makarantun gwamnati bisa kabilanci ya saba wa tsarin mulki kuma ta umurci jihohi da su raba tsarin makarantunsu da “dukkanin da gangan.” Wannan hukunci dai ya kafa harsashin kawar da kayayyakin jama'a da cibiyoyi a duk fadin kasar. Shawarar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown da ta kasance sauyi a cikin yunƙurin yancin ɗan adam kuma ya nuna sauyi a yanayin shari'a game da daidaiton launin fata. Ya zaburar da kokarin kawo karshen rarrabuwar kawuna, a makarantu da sauran wuraren jama'a, kuma ya zaburar da yunƙurin gwagwarmaya da ƙalubalen shari'a don wargaza ayyukan nuna wariya na lokacin.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi Tarihi
Kafin yin magana game da tushen shari'ar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown v. musamman, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci faffadan yanayin wariyar launin fata a Amurka a tsakiyar karni na 20. Bayan kawar da bautar bayan yakin basasar Amurka, Amurkawa na Afirka sun fuskanci wariya da tashin hankali. An aiwatar da dokokin Jim Crow a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 da farkon 20th, suna tilasta wariyar launin fata a wuraren jama'a kamar makarantu, wuraren shakatawa, gidajen abinci, da sufuri. Waɗannan dokokin sun dogara ne akan ƙa'idar "raba ɗaya amma daidai", wanda ya ba da izinin wurare daban-daban muddin ana ganin su daidai cikin inganci. A farkon karni na 20, ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a da masu fafutuka sun fara ƙalubalantar wariyar launin fata da neman daidaiton hakki ga Baƙin Amurkawa. A cikin 1935, Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Mutane (NAACP) ta fara jerin ƙalubalen shari'a don wariyar launin fata a cikin ilimi, wanda aka sani da Yakin Ilimi na NAACP. Manufar ita ce a soke koyarwar "raba ɗaya amma daidai" da Kotun Koli ta Plessy v. Ferguson ta kafa a cikin 1896. Dabarun shari'a na NAACP ita ce ta kalubalanci rashin daidaito na makarantun keɓaɓɓu ta hanyar nuna rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin albarkatu, wurare, da damar ilimi don Daliban Ba-Amurke. Yanzu, juyawa ta musamman ga shari'ar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown v: A cikin 1951, an shigar da ƙarar matakin aji a madadin iyayen Amurkawa na Afirka goma sha uku a Topeka, Kansas, ta NAACP. Oliver Brown, daya daga cikin iyayen, ya nemi ya shigar da diyarsa, Linda Brown, a makarantar firamare mai fararen fata da ke kusa da gidansu. Koyaya, an buƙaci Linda ta halarci makarantar baƙar fata ta keɓance da yawa daga nesa. Hukumar ta NAACP ta bayar da hujjar cewa makarantun kebbi a Topeka ba su daidaita ba kuma sun keta garantin Kwaskwarimar na Goma sha Hudu na daidaiton kariya a karkashin doka. A ƙarshe shari'ar ta kai ga Kotun Koli a matsayin Brown v. Board of Education. An yanke hukuncin Kotun Koli a Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi a ranar 17 ga Mayu, 1954. Ya rushe koyarwar "raba amma daidai" a cikin ilimin jama'a kuma ya yanke hukuncin cewa bambancin launin fata a makarantun gwamnati ya saba wa Kundin Tsarin Mulki. Hukuncin, wanda babban mai shari'a Earl Warren ya rubuta, yana da sakamako mai nisa kuma ya kafa misali na shari'a game da ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce a wasu cibiyoyin gwamnati. Duk da haka, aiwatar da hukuncin kotun ya fuskanci turjiya a jihohi da dama, wanda ya kai ga dogon lokaci na rarrabuwar kawuna a cikin shekarun 1950 da 1960.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi Takaitaccen Harka
Brown v. Hukumar Ilimi ta Topeka, 347 US 483 (1954) Facts: Shari'ar ta samo asali ne daga shari'o'i da yawa da aka haɗa, ciki har da Brown v. Board of Education Topeka, Kansas. Masu gabatar da kara, ’ya’yan Afirka Ba’amurke, da iyalansu sun kalubalanci rarrabuwar kawuna na makarantun gwamnati a Kansas, Delaware, South Carolina, da Virginia. Sun yi iƙirarin cewa rarrabuwar kabilanci a cikin ilimin jama'a ya keta ka'idodin Kariya Daidaita na Kwaskwarimar Sha huɗu. Batu: Babban batun da ke gaban Kotun Koli shi ne ko za a iya tabbatar da wariyar launin fata a makarantun jama'a bisa tsarin mulki a karkashin koyarwar "rabawa amma daidai" da shawarar Plessy v. Ferguson ta kafa a shekara ta 1896, ko kuma idan ta keta garantin kariyar daidai na goma sha huɗu. Gyara. Hukunci: Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci baki daya don goyon bayan masu shigar da kara, inda ta ce wariyar launin fata a makarantun gwamnati bai dace ba. Dalili: Kotu ta bincika tarihi da manufar gyara ta goma sha huɗu kuma ta kammala cewa masu tsarawa ba su yi niyya ba don ba da izinin ilimin rarrabewa. Kotun ta fahimci cewa ilimi yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban mutum kuma rarrabuwa yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi. Kotun ta yi watsi da koyarwar "raba ɗaya amma daidai", tana mai cewa ko da kayan aikin jiki sun yi daidai, aikin raba ɗalibai bisa kabilanci ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa na asali. Warewa, Kotun ta gudanar, ta hana ɗaliban Afirka-Amurka damar samun ilimi daidai gwargwado. Kotun ta yanke hukuncin cewa wariyar launin fata a cikin ilimin jama'a ta keta ka'idodin Kariya na Daidaita Daidaita ta Goma Sha Hudu. Ya ayyana cewa wurare daban-daban na ilimi ba daidai ba ne kuma ya ba da umarnin a raba makarantun gwamnati tare da "dukkan saurin da gangan." Muhimmanci: Hukuncin Kwamitin Ilimi na Brown da Brown ya soke tsarin "raba ɗaya amma daidai" wanda Plessy v. Ferguson ya kafa kuma ya ayyana wariyar launin fata a makarantun jama'a da rashin bin ka'ida. Ya nuna wata babbar nasara ga ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a, da zaburar da ƙarin fafutuka, da kafa matakin ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce a duk faɗin Amurka. Shawarar ta zama wani ci gaba a yaƙin neman daidaiton launin fata kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin muhimman shari'o'in Kotun Koli a tarihin Amurka.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi Tasiri
Shawarar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown da ta yi tasiri sosai a kan al'ummar Amurka da yunƙurin yancin ɗan adam. Wasu daga cikin mahimman tasirin sun haɗa da:
Rage Makarantu:
Hukuncin Brown ya ayyana wariyar launin fata a makarantun jama'a da rashin bin ka'ida kuma ya ba da umarnin raba makarantu. Wannan ya haifar da haɗin kai na makarantu a hankali a duk faɗin Amurka, kodayake tsarin ya gamu da juriya kuma ya ɗauki ƙarin shekaru masu yawa don cikawa.
Alamar Shari'a:
Hukuncin ya kafa wani muhimmin misali na doka cewa rarrabuwa bisa kabilanci ya sabawa tsarin mulki kuma ya keta garantin kariyar daidaitattun Kwaskwarima ta goma sha hudu. Daga baya an yi amfani da wannan misali don ƙalubalantar wariya a wasu fagage na rayuwar jama'a, wanda ke haifar da faɗaɗa faɗaɗa wariyar launin fata.
Alamar Daidaito:
Shawarar Brown ta zama alama ce ta gwagwarmayar daidaito da 'yancin ɗan adam a Amurka. Ya wakilci ƙin yarda da koyaswar “raba ɗaya amma daidai” da rashin daidaituwar ta na asali. Hukuncin ya zaburarwa da karfafa gwiwar masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a, inda ya ba su ginshiki na shari'a da kyawawan dabi'u don yaki da wariya da wariya.
Ƙarin Ayyukan Haƙƙin Jama'a:
Shawarar Brown ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen zaburar da ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin jama'a. Ya ba masu fafutuka da hujjar doka kuma ta nuna cewa kotuna a shirye suke su sa baki a yaki da wariyar launin fata. Hukuncin ya kara haifar da fafutuka, zanga-zanga, da kalubalen shari'a don wargaza wariya a dukkan bangarorin al'umma.
Damar Ilimi:
Ƙaddamar da makarantu ya buɗe damar samun ilimi ga ɗaliban Amirkawa na Afirka waɗanda a baya aka hana su. Haɗin kai ya ba da damar ingantattun albarkatu, wurare, da samun damar samun ingantaccen ilimi. Ya taimaka wargaza shingen tsarin ilimi kuma ya ba da tushe ga daidaito da dama.
Babban Tasiri Akan Haƙƙin Jama'a:
Shawarar Brown ta yi tasiri sosai kan gwagwarmayar 'yancin ɗan adam fiye da ilimi. Ya kafa matakan fuskantar ƙalubale game da keɓancewar wurare a sufuri, gidaje, da wuraren kwana na jama'a. An gabatar da hukuncin a wasu shari’o’in da suka biyo baya kuma ya zama ginshiki na wargaza wariyar launin fata a fagage da dama na rayuwar jama’a.
Gabaɗaya, shawarar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown da ta yi tasiri mai tasiri akan yaƙi da wariyar launin fata da rashin daidaito a cikin Amurka. Ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ciyar da haƙƙin jama'a gaba, da zaburar da ƙarin fafutuka, da kafa misali na doka don wargaza wariyar launin fata.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi Gyara
Shari'ar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown da ba ta ƙunshi ƙirƙira ko gyara kowane gyare-gyaren tsarin mulki ba. Madadin haka, shari'ar ta ta'allaka ne akan fassarar da kuma amfani da Maganar Kariya Daidaita na Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta Goma Sha Hudu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka. Maganar Kariya Daidaita, wanda aka samo a Sashe na 1 na Kwaskwarimar Sha huɗu, ya bayyana cewa babu wata ƙasa da za ta “ hana kowane mutum da ke cikin ikonta daidaiton kariyar dokoki.” Kotun Koli, a cikin hukuncin da ta yanke a Brown v. Board of Education, ta yi imanin cewa wariyar launin fata a makarantun gwamnati ta keta wannan garantin kariyar daidai. Duk da cewa shari'ar ba ta yi wa wani tanadi na kundin tsarin mulki kai tsaye ba, hukuncin da ya yanke ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara fassarar gyare-gyare na goma sha hudu tare da tabbatar da ka'idar kare daidaito a karkashin doka. Shawarar ta ba da gudummawa ga haɓakawa da faɗaɗa kariyar tsarin mulki don 'yancin ɗan adam, musamman a yanayin daidaiton launin fata.
Brown v Hukumar Ilimi Ra'ayi Rashin Ra'ayi
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa da ba su yarda ba a cikin shari'ar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown v. wadda ke wakiltar ra'ayoyin alkalan Kotun Koli daban-daban. Uku daga cikin alkalan sun gabatar da ra'ayoyin rashin amincewa: Justice Stanley Reed, Justice Felix Frankfurter, da Justice John Marshall Harlan II. A cikin ra'ayinsa na rashin amincewa, Mai Shari'a Stanley Reed ya bayar da hujjar cewa ya kamata Kotun ta jinkirta zuwa ga reshen majalisa da kuma tsarin siyasa don magance matsalolin launin fata a cikin ilimi. Ya yi imanin cewa ci gaban zamantakewa ya kamata ya zo ta hanyar muhawarar jama'a da tsarin dimokuradiyya maimakon ta hanyar shari'a. Mai shari’a Reed ya bayyana damuwarsa kan yadda kotun ta yi watsi da ikonta tare da yin katsalandan ga ka’idar tarayya ta hanyar kakaba wa majalisar wakilai daga kan kujera. A cikin rashin amincewarsa, Mai shari'a Felix Frankfurter ya yi jayayya cewa ya kamata Kotun ta bi ka'idar kamewar shari'a kuma ta ci gaba da bin ka'idar da aka kafa ta shari'ar Plessy v. Ferguson. Ya yi iƙirarin cewa koyaswar “raba ɗaya amma daidai take” ya kamata ta ci gaba da kasancewa har abada sai dai idan an sami bayyananniyar manufa ta wariya ko rashin daidaito a cikin ilimi. Mai shari'a Frankfurter ya yi imanin cewa bai kamata Kotun ta kauce daga tsarin al'ada na mutunta 'yan majalisa da zartarwa ba. Mai shari'a John Marshall Harlan II, a ra'ayinsa na rashin amincewa, ya bayyana damuwarsa game da yadda kotun ke tauye hakkin jihohi da kuma ficewa daga kamun kai na shari'a. Ya kara da cewa, gyaran fuska na goma sha hudu bai fito karara ya haramta wariyar launin fata ba, kuma manufar gyaran ba ita ce a magance matsalolin daidaiton launin fata a fannin ilimi ba. Mai shari’a Harlan ya yi imanin cewa hukuncin kotun ya wuce gona da iri kuma ya keta ikon da aka kebe ga jihohi. Wadannan ra'ayoyin da suka sabawa ra'ayi sun nuna mabanbanta ra'ayoyi kan rawar da Kotun ta taka wajen magance batutuwan wariyar launin fata da fassarar Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta Goma Sha Hudu. Duk da haka, duk da wannan rashin amincewa, hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta yanke a cikin shari'ar Hukumar Ilimi ta Brown da ta kasance a matsayin mafi rinjaye kuma ya kai ga rarraba makarantun gwamnati a Amurka.
Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson wani lamari ne mai ban mamaki na Kotun Koli ta Amurka da aka yanke hukunci a cikin 1896. Shari'ar ta ƙunshi ƙalubalen doka ga dokar Louisiana da ke buƙatar wariyar launin fata a cikin jiragen kasa. Homer Plessy, wanda aka ware a matsayin Ba’amurke Ba’amurke a ƙarƙashin “mulkin digo ɗaya” na Louisiana, da gangan ya keta doka domin a gwada tsarin mulkinta. Plessy ya hau motar jirgin kasa mai “farar-kawai” kuma ta ki matsawa zuwa motar da aka kebe. An kama shi kuma an tuhume shi da laifin karya doka. Plessy ya bayar da hujjar cewa dokar ta keta ka'idojin Kariya Daidaitacce na Kwaskwarimar Kwaskwarima ta Goma Sha Hudu ga Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka, wanda ke ba da tabbacin daidaito a karkashin doka. Kotun Koli, a cikin hukuncin 7-1, ta amince da tsarin mulkin dokar Louisiana. Mafi yawan ra'ayi, wanda Mai Shari'a Henry Billings Brown ya rubuta, ya kafa koyarwar "raba ɗaya amma daidai". Kotun ta ce rarrabuwar kawuna ya kasance cikin tsarin mulki idan dai wurare daban-daban da aka tanada don jinsi daban-daban sun kasance daidai da inganci. Shawarar Plessy v. Ferguson ta ba da damar halatta wariyar launin fata kuma ta zama misali na doka wanda ya tsara tsarin dangantakar launin fata a Amurka shekaru da yawa. Hukuncin dai ya halatta dokoki da manufofin “Jim Crow” a duk fadin kasar, wadanda suka tilasta wariyar launin fata da wariya a bangarori daban-daban na rayuwar jama’a. Plessy v. Ferguson ya tsaya a matsayin misali har sai da hukuncin da Kotun Koli ta yanke na bai daya a Brown v. Board of Education a shekara ta 1954. Hukuncin Brown ya nuna cewa wariyar launin fata a makarantun gwamnati ta keta ka'idar Kariya Daidaitacce kuma ta nuna wani gagarumin sauyi a cikin yaki da wariyar launin fata a Amurka.
Dokar 'Yancin Dan Adam of 1964
Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 babbar doka ce wadda ta haramta wariya dangane da launin fata, launi, addini, jima'i, ko asalin ƙasa. Ana la'akari da shi ɗaya daga cikin muhimman sassa na dokokin 'yancin ɗan adam a tarihin Amurka. Shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson ne ya sanya hannu kan dokar a ranar 2 ga Yuli, 1964, bayan doguwar muhawara mai cike da takaddama a Majalisa. Babban manufarsa ita ce kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata da wariyar launin fata da ke ci gaba da wanzuwa a fannoni daban-daban na rayuwar jama'a, gami da makarantu, ayyukan yi, wuraren jama'a, da haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a. Manyan tanade-tanade na Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 sun haɗa da:
Rage Kayayyakin Jama'a Title I na Dokar ya haramta wariya ko wariya a wuraren jama'a, kamar otal-otal, gidajen cin abinci, gidajen sinima, da wuraren shakatawa. Ya bayyana cewa ba za a iya hana mutane dama ko a yi musu rashin daidaito a wadannan wuraren ba dangane da launin fata, launin fata, addini, ko asalin ƙasarsu.
Rashin nuna bambanci a cikin Shirye-shiryen Tallafin Tarayya Title II ya hana nuna bambanci a cikin kowane shiri ko aiki da ke karɓar taimakon kuɗi na tarayya. Ya ƙunshi fagage da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa da ilimi, kiwon lafiya, jigilar jama'a, da sabis na zamantakewa.
Damar Aiki Daidaita Take III ya hana nuna banbancin aiki dangane da launin fata, launi, addini, jima'i, ko asalin ƙasa. Ta kafa Hukumar Damar Samar da Aikin Yi Daidai (EEOC), wacce ke da alhakin aiwatarwa da tabbatar da bin tanade-tanaden Dokar.
Kare Haƙƙin Zaɓe Title IV na Dokar Haƙƙin Bil'adama ya haɗa da tanadin da ke nufin kiyaye haƙƙin jefa ƙuri'a da yaƙi da ayyukan wariya, kamar harajin zabe da gwajin karatu. Ta baiwa gwamnatin tarayya damar daukar matakin kare hakkin kada kuri’a da kuma tabbatar da daidaito wajen gudanar da zaben. Bugu da ƙari, Dokar ta kuma ƙirƙiri Hukumar Kula da Al'umma (CRS), wacce ke aiki don hanawa da warware rikice-rikicen kabilanci da na kabilanci da haɓaka fahimta da haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'ummomi daban-daban.
Dokar 'Yancin Bil'adama ta 1964 ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen ciyar da haƙƙin ɗan adam gaba a Amurka da kuma wargaza wariya da aka kafa. Tun daga lokacin an ƙarfafa ta ta hanyar yancin ɗan adam na baya da dokokin hana wariya, amma ya kasance muhimmiyar alama a cikin gwagwarmayar daidaito da adalci.