Introduction
The Separate Amenities Act, Act No 49 ya 1953, idapanga gawo la tsankho la tsankho ku South Africa. Lamuloli linavomereza tsankho la kusankhana mitundu kwa anthu, magalimoto, ndi ntchito. Misewu ndi misewu yokhayo yomwe anthu amafikako ndiyomwe idachotsedwa mu lamuloli. Ndime 3b ya Lamuloli idati zida zamitundu yosiyanasiyana siziyenera kukhala zofanana. Ndime 3a idapangitsa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka kupereka malo olekanitsidwa komanso kuchotseratu anthu, kutengera mtundu wawo, kumalo aboma, magalimoto, kapena ntchito. M’zochita zake, malo otsogola kwambiri anali kusungidwira azungu pamene amitundu ina anali otsika.
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The Separate Amenities Act ya 1953 inalimbikitsa tsankho popereka malo osiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lamulo limeneli linakhudza kwambiri dziko, ndipo likuchitikabe mpaka pano. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mbiri ya Separate Amenities Act, zotsatira zake ku South Africa, ndi momwe yayankhidwira.
The Separate Amenities Act idaperekedwa mu 1953 ndi boma la National Party la South Africa. Lamuloli lidapangidwa kuti likhazikitse mwalamulo kusankhana mitundu poletsa anthu amitundu yosiyana kugwiritsa ntchito malo aboma omwewo. Izi zinaphatikizapo zimbudzi, mapaki, maiwe osambira, mabasi, ndi malo ena aboma. Lamuloli lidapatsanso ma municipalities mphamvu zopanga zothandizira anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Zotsatira za Separate Amenities Act zinali zazikulu. Inakhazikitsa dongosolo la tsankho lalamulo ndipo linali chochititsa chachikulu mu dongosolo la tsankho la South Africa. Lamuloli linapanganso kusalingana, popeza anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana amachitiridwa zinthu mosiyana ndipo sakanatha kusakanikirana momasuka. Izi zidakhudza kwambiri anthu a ku South Africa, makamaka pankhani ya mgwirizano wamitundu.
Kuyankha ku Separate Amenities Act kwakhala kosiyanasiyana. Kumbali ina, watsutsidwa ndi ambiri, kuphatikizapo United Nations ndi mabungwe ena apadziko lonse, monga mtundu wa tsankho ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu. Kumbali ina, anthu ena a ku South Africa amatsutsa kuti lamuloli linali lofunika kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa mafuko ndi kupewa chiwawa cha mafuko.
Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act la 1953 ndilomwe linayambitsa ndondomeko ya tsankho ku South Africa. Zinalimbikitsa tsankho ndikupangitsa kusalingana. Zotsatira za Act zidakalipobe mpaka pano, ndipo kuyankha kumasiyanasiyana. Pamapeto pake, zikuwonekeratu kuti Separate Amenities Act idakhudza kwambiri dziko la South Africa. Cholowa chake chikumvekabe mpaka pano.
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The Separate Amenities Act, yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku South Africa mu 1953, idalekanitsa malo aboma. Lamuloli linali gawo la tsankho lomwe linkakakamiza kusankhana mitundu komanso kuponderezana kwa anthu akuda ku South Africa. Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act lidapangitsa kuti anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana azigwiritsa ntchito malo aboma omwewo. Lamuloli silinangoperekedwa ku malo aboma okha, komanso linafikira kumapaki, magombe, nyumba zosungiramo mabuku, malo owonetsera mafilimu, zipatala, ngakhalenso zimbudzi za boma.
The Separate Amenities Act inali gawo lalikulu la tsankho. Lamuloli linapangidwa kuti anthu akuda asamalowe m’malo omwe azungu aziwayendera. Zinalepheretsanso anthu akuda kupeza mwayi wofanana ndi wa azungu. Lamuloli lidakhazikitsidwa ndi apolisi omwe amalondera m'malo opezeka anthu onse ndikuonetsetsa kuti lamulo likuyenda bwino. Ngati wina waphwanya lamulo, akhoza kumangidwa kapena kulipitsidwa chindapusa.
Anthu akuda aku South Africa adatsutsana ndi Separate Amenities Act. Iwo ankaona kuti lamuloli linali latsankho komanso lopanda chilungamo. Udatsutsidwanso ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi monga United Nations ndi African National Congress. Mabungwewa adapempha kuti lamuloli lichotsedwe komanso kufanana kwakukulu kwa anthu akuda aku South Africa.
Mu 1989, Separate Amenities Act idathetsedwa. Izi zidawoneka ngati chipambano chachikulu pakufanana ndi ufulu wa anthu ku South Africa. Kuthetsedwa kwa lamuloli kunkawonekanso ngati njira yoyenera kuti dziko lithe kuthetsa tsankho.
The Separate Amenities Act ndi gawo lofunikira m'mbiri ya South Africa. Lamuloli linali gawo lalikulu la ndondomeko ya tsankho komanso cholepheretsa kwambiri kufanana ndi ufulu wa anthu ku South Africa. Kuchotsedwa kwa lamuloli kunali chigonjetso chofunikira pakufanana ndi ufulu wa anthu mdziko muno. Ndi chikumbutso cha kufunika komenyera ufulu wachibadwidwe ndi ufulu wa anthu.
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Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act la 1953 linakakamiza kusankhana mitundu m’malo a anthu potchula malo ena kuti “azungu okha” kapena “osakhala azungu okha”. Lamuloli linapangitsa kuti anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana asamagwiritse ntchito malo awo onse monga malo odyera, zimbudzi, magombe, ndi mapaki. Lamuloli linali gawo lalikulu la dongosolo la tsankho, dongosolo la tsankho komanso kuponderezana komwe kunalipo ku South Africa kuyambira 1948 mpaka 1994.
Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linaperekedwa mu 1953, ndipo linali limodzi mwa malamulo oyambirira omwe anaperekedwa panthawi ya tsankho. Lamuloli linali kuonjeza kwa lamulo la Population Registration Act la 1950, lomwe linaika anthu onse a ku South Africa m’magulu amitundu. Potchula malo ena kuti ndi "azungu okha" kapena "osakhala azungu okha", Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linakakamiza kusankhana mitundu.
Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linatsutsidwa ndi anthu ambiri ochokera m’mayiko ndi mayiko ena. Omenyera ufulu ndi mabungwe ambiri ku South Africa monga African National Congress (ANC) adatsutsa lamuloli ndipo adachita ziwonetsero ndi ziwonetsero zotsutsa. Bungwe la United Nations linaperekanso zigamulo zodzudzula lamuloli ndikupempha kuti lichotsedwe.
Kuyankha kwanga ku Separate Amenities Act kunali kodabwitsa komanso kosakhulupirira. Monga wachichepere wokulira mu South Africa, ndinali kudziŵa za tsankho laufuko limene linalipo, koma Lamulo Lopatukana Lautumiki linawoneka kukhala likutengera tsankho limeneli pamlingo wina watsopano. Zinali zovuta kukhulupirira kuti lamulo loterolo lingakhalepo m’dziko lamakono. Ndinkaona kuti lamulo limeneli n’kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu komanso kunyoza ulemu wa munthu.
The Separate Amenities Act idathetsedwa mu 1991, koma cholowa chake chidakalipo ku South Africa mpaka pano. Zotsatira za lamuloli zitha kuwonekabe pakupeza kosagwirizana kwa malo ogwirira ntchito ndi mautumiki pakati pa anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Lamuloli linakhudzanso maganizo a anthu a ku South Africa kwa nthaŵi yaitali, ndipo zikumbukiro za dongosolo loponderezali zikupitirizabe kuvutitsa anthu ambiri masiku ano.
Pomaliza, Separate Amenities Act ya 1953 inali gawo lalikulu la dongosolo la tsankho ku South Africa. Lamuloli linakakamiza kusankhana mitundu m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri potchula malo ena kuti "azungu okha" kapena "osakhala azungu okha". Lamuloli linakumana ndi chitsutso chochuluka kuchokera ku magwero a m’dziko ndi m’maiko onse, ndipo linathetsedwa mu 1991. Cholowa cha lamuloli chidakalipobe ku South Africa lerolino, ndipo zikumbukiro za dongosolo loponderezali zikupitirizabe kuvutitsa anthu ambiri.
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Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linali lamulo loperekedwa ku South Africa mu 1953 lokonzedwa kuti lilekanitse malo ogwirira ntchito ndi zothandizira anthu ndi mtundu. Lamuloli linali mbali yaikulu ya dongosolo la tsankho, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu 1948. Linali maziko a mfundo za tsankho ku South Africa. Zinathandizira kwambiri kulekanitsa madera a anthu ndi zida m'dzikolo.
Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linanena kuti malo aliwonse opezeka anthu onse, monga mapaki, magombe, ndi zoyendera za anthu onse, atha kukhala osiyana ndi mitundu. Lamuloli linalolanso kuti masukulu, zipatala, ndi nyumba zovotera zizikhala zosiyana. Lamuloli linalimbikitsa kulekana kwa mitundu ku South Africa. Zinapangitsa kuti azungu azikhala ndi malo abwino kuposa anthu akuda.
The Separate Amenities Act idadzudzulidwa kwambiri ndi mayiko. Mayiko ambiri adadzudzula lamuloli kuti likuphwanya ufulu wa anthu ndipo adapempha kuti lichotsedwe msanga. Ku South Africa, lamuloli lidakumana ndi ziwonetsero komanso kusamvera anthu. Anthu ambiri anakana kumvera lamuloli, ndipo anthu ambiri anachita zinthu zosonyeza kusamvera lamulo la Separate Amenities Act.
Chifukwa cha kulira kwa mayiko, boma la South Africa linakakamizika kusintha lamuloli. Mu 1991, lamuloli lidasinthidwa kuti zilole kuphatikizidwa kwa malo aboma. Kusintha kumeneku kunali kofunika kwambiri pankhondo yolimbana ndi tsankho. Zinathandizira kukonza njira yoti anthu azikhala ofanana mu South Africa.
Kuyankha kwanga ku Separate Amenities Act kunali kusakhulupirira komanso kukwiya. Sindinakhulupirire kuti lamulo latsankho lotereli lingakhalepo m’chitaganya chamakono. Ndinkaona kuti lamuloli likuphwanya ufulu wa anthu komanso likuphwanya ufulu wa anthu.
Ndinalimbikitsidwa ndi dandaulo la mayiko otsutsana ndi lamuloli komanso kusintha komwe kunapangidwa mu 1991. Ndinaona kuti imeneyi inali sitepe yaikulu yolimbana ndi tsankho komanso ufulu wa anthu ku South Africa. Ndinaonanso kuti imeneyi inali sitepe yofunika kwambiri yothandiza kuti pakhale anthu olingana.
Pomaliza, lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linathandizira kwambiri kulekanitsa madera ndi malo a anthu ku South Africa. Lamuloli lidatsutsidwa ndi mayiko ambiri ndipo pamapeto pake lidasinthidwa kuti zilole kuphatikizidwa kwa malo aboma. Yankho langa ku lamuloli linali limodzi la kusakhulupirira ndi kukwiya, ndipo ndinalimbikitsidwa ndi masinthidwe amene anachitidwa mu 1991. Kusintha kumeneku kunali sitepe yaikulu yolimbana ndi tsankho ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe ku South Africa.
Chidule
The Separate Amenities Act inali lamulo lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ku South Africa mu 1953 panthawi ya tsankho. Mchitidwewu unkafuna kukhazikitsa tsankho pofuna kuti pakhale malo ndi zothandizira anthu amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pansi pa lamuloli, zida zapagulu monga mapaki, magombe, zimbudzi, zoyendera za anthu onse, ndi malo ophunzirira zidapatulidwa, pomwe malo osiyana adasankhidwa azungu, akuda, achikuda, ndi Amwenye. Lamuloli linapatsanso boma mphamvu yosankha madera ena kukhala “madera a azungu” kapena “madera omwe si azungu,” kupititsa patsogolo tsankho.
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mchitidwewu kunapangitsa kuti pakhale malo osiyana ndi osagwirizana, ndi azungu omwe ali ndi mwayi wopeza zipangizo zamakono ndi zothandizira poyerekeza ndi omwe si azungu. Lamulo la Separate Amenities Act linali limodzi mwamalamulo angapo atsankho omwe amakakamiza kusankhana mitundu komanso kusankhana mitundu ku South Africa. Idakhalabe ikugwira ntchito mpaka idathetsedwa mu 1990 ngati gawo la zokambirana zothetsa tsankho. Mchitidwewu unadzudzulidwa kwambiri m’dziko muno komanso m’mayiko osiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kupanda chilungamo komanso tsankho.