Kodi dziko la United States linatani pa zigawenga za 9/11?
United Ife Tinayima: Kuyankha Molimba Mtima kwa United States ku Zowukira za 9/11
Kuyamba:
Zigawenga za pa September 11, 2001, zinadabwitsa dziko la United States ndipo zinasiya mbiri yosaiwalika m’mbiri ya dzikolo. Poyang’anizana ndi mchitidwe woipitsitsa umenewu wachiwawa, kuyankha kwa United States kunali kodziŵika ndi kulimba mtima, umodzi, ndi kulondola chilungamo kotsimikizirika. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza momwe dziko la United States linayankhira 9/11 kuukira, kuwonetsa kuthekera kwa dziko kubwera palimodzi, kusintha, ndi kutuluka mwamphamvu.
Kupirira ndi Umodzi
Chimodzi mwazinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakuyankha kwa US ku 9/11 chinali kulimba mtima pamodzi ndi mgwirizano womwe anthu aku America adawonetsa. Ngakhale kuti dzikolo linali ndi mantha ndi chisoni, anthu a ku America anasonkhana pamodzi, kuthandizana ndi kutonthozana. Anthu m’dziko lonselo anakonza zoti anthu azitha kuyatsa makandulo, mwambo wamaliro, komanso ndalama zothandizira anthu amene anakhudzidwa ndi ngoziyi komanso mabanja awo. Mgwirizano umenewu unachititsa kuti dzikoli likhale lolimba ndipo likhoza kusonyeza mmene dzikoli lidzachitire ndi ziwawazo.
Kulimbikitsa Chitetezo cha Dziko
Pambuyo pa 9/11, dziko la United States lidachitapo kanthu kuti lilimbitse chitetezo cha dziko lawo ndikuletsa kuukira mtsogolo. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dipatimenti ya chitetezo cham'nyumba mu 2002 kudawonetsa gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera zoyeserera zachitetezo ndikulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe. Kuonjezera apo, lamulo la USA PATRIOT linaperekedwa, zomwe zimathandiza mabungwe azamalamulo kugawana bwino chidziwitso ndi luntha.
Nkhondo Yachigawenga
United States inachitapo kanthu pa kuukiridwa kwa 9/11 osati kungolimbitsa chitetezo cha dziko lawo komanso kutsata chilungamo. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga idakhala yofunika kwambiri pazandale zaku America pazaka zotsatira za ziwopsezozi. Asitikali aku US adayambitsa kampeni ku Afghanistan, ndicholinga chothetsa gulu la Al Qaeda - gulu lomwe likuchita ziwopsezo - ndikuchotsa boma la Taliban lomwe lidawasunga. Pogwetsa boma la Taliban ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa dongosolo latsopano, United States idafooketsa mphamvu za gulu la zigawenga.
Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse
Pozindikira kuti uchigawenga ndi nkhani yapadziko lonse, United States inapempha thandizo la mayiko osiyanasiyana kuti athane ndi vutolo mogwira mtima. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mgwirizano monga North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) kunalola United States kuti igwirizane ndi ogwirizana nawo ndikupanga mgwirizano wolimbana ndi uchigawenga. Kupyolera mu mgwirizano, kugawana nzeru, ndi ntchito limodzi zankhondo, gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi lasokoneza machitidwe a zigawenga padziko lonse lapansi.
Kusintha ndi Kupirira
Kulimba mtima komwe kunawonetsedwa ndi United States pambuyo pa 9/11 kudapitilira mgwirizano ndi chitetezo cha dziko. Zowukirazi zidapangitsa kuti anthu afufuze bwino luso lanzeru, zankhondo, komanso akazembe, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ntchito zothana ndi uchigawenga zisinthe. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa matekinoloje atsopano ndi machenjerero adalimbikitsa dziko kuti lizitha kuyembekezera ndikuyankha zowopseza mwachangu. Pofuna kuletsa zigawenga, boma la United States linakhazikitsa malamulo okhwima oletsa kuyenda komanso chitetezo pofuna kuteteza malire ake komanso mayendedwe.
Kutsiliza
Kuyankha kwa United States pakuukira kwa 9/11 kumapereka chitsanzo cha kutsimikiza mtima kwa dzikoli polimbana ndi uchigawenga, kulimbikitsa kulimba mtima ndi mgwirizano m'malire ake. Mwa kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha dziko, kuchita nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi zigawenga, kufunafuna mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ndi kuzolowera zovuta zatsopano, United States idakweza chitetezo chake ndipo idapita patsogolo kwambiri poletsa kuukira kofananako mtsogolo. Ngakhale zipsera zochokera ku 9/11 zidzakhala chikumbutso chowawa kwamuyaya, kuyankha kwa United States kumagwira ntchito ngati umboni wa kuthekera kwake kobwerera kuchokera kumavuto ndikutuluka mwamphamvu kuposa kale.
Mutu: Kuyankha kwa United States ku Zowukira za 9/11
Kuyamba:
Mosakayikira, kuukira kwa United States pa September 11, 2001 kunakhudza kwambiri mbiri ya dzikolo ndi mmene linayendera. Kuyankha paziwopsezo za 9/11 kunali kosiyanasiyana, pomwe United States idalumikizana kuti iwonetsetse chilungamo, chitetezo, ndi kulimba mtima polimbana ndi ziwopsezo zamtsogolo. Nkhaniyi iwunika momwe United States idayankhira kuukira kwa 9/11, ndikuwunika zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso zomwe zidachitika nthawi yayitali kuteteza dzikolo.
Yankho Laposachedwa:
Zitangochitika ziwopsezozi, United States idayankha mwachangu komanso mwachangu kuthana ndi vuto lomwe linalipo nthawi yomweyo ndikuyamba njira yochira. Purezidenti George W. Bush adalankhula ndi mtunduwu, ndikutsimikizira nzika kuti chilungamo chidzachitika, kulonjeza kuti olakwawo adzaweruzidwa, ndikugogomezera kufunika kogwirizana ndi kupirira.
Chinthu chimodzi chimene dziko la United States linachita mwamsanga chinali kukhazikitsidwa kwa dipatimenti yoona za chitetezo cha m’dziko (DHS) m’chaka cha 2002. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa DHS n’cholinga chofuna kupititsa patsogolo luso la dzikoli popewa komanso kuchitapo kanthu pa zigawenga. Idaphatikiza mabungwe 22 aku federal, kuwongolera kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwinaku akukulitsa zida zachitetezo.
Yankho la Asilikali:
Kuukira kwa 9/11 kudapangitsa kuti asitikali aku United States ayankhe mwamphamvu. Pansi pa Operation Enduring Freedom, asitikali aku US adayambitsa kampeni yankhondo ku Afghanistan, moyang'anizana ndi boma la Taliban, lomwe linali ndi gulu la zigawenga la al-Qaeda, lomwe limayambitsa zigawenga. Cholinga chake chinali kuthetsa zida za al-Qaeda ndikubweretsa utsogoleri wawo pachilungamo, makamaka kulunjika kwa Osama bin Laden.
Kuyankha kwankhondo pambuyo pake kudakulitsidwa ndi Operation Iraqi Freedom, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kuchotsa Saddam Hussein pampando ku Iraq potengera kuthetsa zida zowononga anthu ambiri. Ngakhale kugwirizana pakati pa nkhondo ya Iraq ndi 9/11 pambuyo pake kunatsutsidwa, izo zinatsindika kuyankha kwakukulu kwa United States pa uchigawenga wapadziko lonse.
Njira Zotetezedwa Zowonjezereka:
Pofuna kupewa zigawenga zamtsogolo, United States yakhazikitsa njira zingapo zowonjezera chitetezo. Bungwe la Transportation Security Administration (TSA) lidakhazikitsidwa kuti lilimbikitse njira zowunikira ma eyapoti, kuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa kowunikiridwa mwamphamvu kwa katundu, macheke ozindikiritsa okwera, ndi njira zambiri zachitetezo.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndime ya USA PATRIOT Act mu 2001 idapatsa mabungwe azidziwitso ndi azamalamulo kukulitsa mphamvu zowunikira kuti azitsatira zomwe zingawopseze. Ngakhale kuti izi zidayambitsa mikangano pazachinsinsi komanso ufulu wachibadwidwe, zinali zofunika popewa kuchitanso uchigawenga.
Yankho la Diplomatic:
United States idayankhanso ziwopsezo za 9/11 kudzera munjira zaukazembe. Iwo ankafuna mgwirizano kuchokera ku mayiko ena, kugawana nzeru, ndi kupatsana chidziwitso pofuna kuthana ndi chiwopsezo cha padziko lonse cha uchigawenga. Kuphatikiza apo, United States idakulitsa kuyesetsa kusokoneza maukonde azachuma a zigawenga, pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kuti achepetse thandizo lazachuma ku mabungwe ochita monyanyira.
Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse:
Kuwukira kwa 9/11 kudapangitsa kuti pakhale chidwi chothana ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse lapansi. Dziko la United States lidachita nawo gawo lalikulu popanga mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, monga kupempha kwa NATO pa Ndime 5, yomwe inali nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri yake kuti mgwirizanowu ukuwona kuukira dziko limodzi ngati kuwukira mamembala onse. Mgwirizanowu udawonetsa kutsimikiza mtima kothana ndi uchigawenga padziko lonse lapansi.
Kutsiliza:
Kuyankha kwa United States pakuwukira kwa 9/11 kudadziwika ndi zochita zanthawi yomweyo komanso njira zazitali. Kuyambira kukhazikitsidwa kwa DHS ndi kupititsa patsogolo njira zachitetezo mpaka kunkhondo zankhondo ndi zoyesayesa zaukazembe, dzikolo lidayika patsogolo kuteteza nzika zake komanso kuthana ndi ziwopsezo zauchigawenga. Mayankho awa sanangofuna chilungamo kwa ozunzidwa komanso cholinga choletsa kuukiridwa m'tsogolo ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo padziko lonse lapansi. Pamapeto pake, kuyankha kwa United States pakuukira kwa 9/11 kunawonetsa kulimba mtima, mgwirizano, komanso kudzipereka kosasunthika pakusunga mtendere ndi chitetezo.
Kodi dziko la United States linachitapo chiyani pa zigawenga za 9/11?
Kuyamba:
Zigawenga zomwe zinachitika pa September 11, 2001, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatchedwa 9/11, zinasintha kwambiri mbiri ya America. United States idachitapo kanthu paziwopsezo zowonongazi motsimikiza, kulimba mtima, komanso kudzipereka kolimba pachitetezo cha dziko. Nkhaniyi ikufuna kufotokoza momwe dziko la United States linayankhira pa ziwopsezo za 9/11, ndikuwunikira njira zazifupi komanso zazitali zomwe zatengedwa kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha nzika zake komanso kuthana ndi uchigawenga.
Yankho Laposachedwa:
Kuyankha kwachangu paziwopsezo za 9/11 kunakhudza njira zingapo zadzidzidzi kuti apereke thandizo, kuchita ntchito zopulumutsa, ndikubwezeretsanso ntchito zofunika. Izi zinaphatikizapo kutumiza anthu oyamba kuyankha, ozimitsa moto, ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala kumalo a Ground Zero kuti athandize opulumuka ndi kubwezeretsa matupi. Boma lidayambitsanso bungwe la Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) kuti ligwirizanitse ntchito zothandizira ndikuyambitsa Operation Noble Eagle, ntchito ya National Guard yoteteza malo ofunikira m'dziko lonselo.
Kulimbikitsa Chitetezo cha Dziko:
Poyankha zigawenga zomwe sizinachitikepo, United States idalimbikitsa kwambiri chitetezo cha kwawo. Dipatimenti ya Homeland Security (DHS) idakhazikitsidwa kuti iphatikize mabungwe angapo ndikupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakusonkhanitsa anzeru, kuyang'anira chitetezo, ndi kuyang'anira malire. Kuphatikiza apo, Transportation Security Administration (TSA) idapangidwa kuti iwonetsetse njira zowunikira pama eyapoti ndi malo ena oyendera.
Ntchito Zankhondo:
United States idayambitsa ntchito zankhondo ku Afghanistan, makamaka kuyang'ana boma la Taliban ndi misasa yophunzitsira ya al-Qaeda. Operation Enduring Freedom cholinga chake chinali kusokoneza ndi kusokoneza maziko a al-Qaeda, komanso kuthandizira boma la Afghanistan pomanganso mabungwe ake. Asitikali aku US adayesetsa kuletsa zigawenga zomwe zikubwera m'tsogolomu pochotsa malo otetezeka a zigawenga ndikuthandizira bata m'derali.
Zochita zamalamulo:
Boma la US lidakhazikitsa njira zingapo zamalamulo zolimbikitsa chitetezo cha dziko kutsatira ziwopsezo za 9/11. Lamulo la USA PATRIOT linakhazikitsidwa, kupatsa akuluakulu mphamvu zowunikira, kuwongolera kugawana nzeru, komanso kulimbikitsa kafukufuku wothana ndi uchigawenga. Kuphatikiza apo, Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act idasainidwa kukhala lamulo, kulimbikitsa gulu lazanzeru ndikuwongolera kugawana zidziwitso pakati pa mabungwe.
Mgwirizano Wapadziko Lonse Wolimbikitsidwa:
Pozindikira zauchigawenga wapadziko lonse lapansi, United States idayesetsa kupanga mgwirizano wamphamvu ndikuthandizana ndi mayiko ena kuti athane ndi zigawenga. Ntchito zaukazembe zidayang'ana pakupeza thandizo pankhondo yapadziko lonse lapansi yolimbana ndi uchigawenga, kuchulukitsa kugawana nzeru, komanso kukhazikitsa njira zosokoneza ndalama zachigawenga. Izi zinaphatikizansopo zoyeserera monga kukhazikitsidwa kwa Global Counterterrorism Forum ndi mapangano apakati ndi mayiko ambiri.
Kutsiliza:
Zitangochitika ziwopsezo za 9/11, dziko la United States linayankha mwachangu komanso mosamalitsa, likugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo kuteteza nzika zake komanso kuthana ndi uchigawenga. Kuchokera pakuchitapo kanthu kwadzidzidzi kupita ku malamulo, ntchito zankhondo, ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, kuyankha paziwopsezozo kunali kosiyanasiyana komanso kokulirapo. Ngakhale kuti United States ikupitirizabe kusintha ndi kukonza njira zake zolimbana ndi uchigawenga, kuyankha kwa dzikoli ku 9/11 kumasonyeza kudzipereka kwake kosasunthika kuteteza chitetezo cha dziko ndi kusunga ufulu.