Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo pfupiso
Brown v. Board of Education yakanga iri nyaya inokosha yeDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States yakatongwa muna 1954. Mhosva yacho yakabatanidza denho yapamutemo yokukamuraniswa kworudzi kwezvikoro zvehurumende munyika dzinoverengeka. Muchiitiko ichi, boka revabereki veAfrica-America rakapokana nebumbiro remitemo "yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana" iyo inomanikidza kupatsanurwa muzvikoro zveveruzhinji. Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga pamwe chete kuti rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende rwakatyora vimbiso yeFourteenth Amendment yekuchengetedzwa kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo. Dare rakataura kuti kunyangwe zvivakwa zvemuviri zvakaenzana, chiito chekuparadzanisa vana zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo chakagadzira mikana yedzidzo isina kuenzana. Sarudzo yekupidigura dzidziso yekare yePlessy v. Ferguson "yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana" yaive chiitiko chakakosha mubato rekodzero dzevanhu. Yakaratidza kuguma kwekuparadzaniswa kwepamutemo muzvikoro zvehurumende uye yakagadza muenzaniso wekuparadzaniswa kwemamwe masangano ehurumende. Mutongo weBrown v. Board of Education wakave nezvaunoreva kunzanga yeAmerica uye wakakonzera mhirizhonga yekodzero dzevanhu uye matambudziko emutemo pakuparadzana. Iyo inoramba iri imwe yeakanyanya kukosha uye ane simba sarudzo dzeDare Repamusorosoro munhoroondo yeAmerica.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo Kukosha
Kukosha kwenyaya yeBrown v. Board of Education hakugone kuwedzeredzwa. Yakanga iri nguva yakakosha mubato rekodzero dzevanhu uye yaive nezvainosvika kure munharaunda yeAmerica. Heano zvimwe zvekukosha kwayo kwakakosha:
Yakapidigura "Kuparadzana Asi Kuenzana":
Mutongo uyu wakapidigura zviri pachena zvakaitwa naPlessy v. Ferguson nyaya muna 1896, iyo yakanga yatanga dzidziso “yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana”. Brown v. Board of Education akazivisa kuti rusarura pacharwo rwakanga rusina kuenzana pasi peFourteenth Amendment. Kubviswa kweZvikoro Zveruzhinji:
Mutongo wacho wakarayira kuparadzaniswa kwezvikoro zvehurumende uye wakaratidza kutanga kwekuguma kwekuparadzaniswa kwepamutemo mudzidzo. Yakagadzirira nzira yokubatanidzwa kwemamwe masangano ehurumende nezvivakwa, ichidenha rusaruraganda rwakanga rwakadzika midzi panguva iyoyo.
Kukosha Kwechiratidzo:
Kunze kwezvinorehwa nemutemo uye zvinoshanda, nyaya yacho ine kukosha kukuru kwekufananidzira. Zvakaratidza kuti Dare Repamusorosoro rakanga richida kutora danho rinopesana nerusaruraganda uye rakaratidza kuzvipira kwakakura kune kodzero dzakaenzana uye kuchengetedzwa kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo.
Yakakonzera Kurwira kodzero dzevanhu:
Sarudzo iyi yakamutsa mhirizhonga yekodzero dzevanhu, zvichimutsa bato rairwira kuenzana nekururamisira. Yakapa simba uye yakakurudzira vanhu vemuAfrica vekuAmerica nevabatsiri vavo kuti vade kupikisa kusarurana kwemarudzi uye rusarura munzvimbo dzese dzehupenyu.
Legal Precedent:
Brown v. Board of Education akagadza muenzaniso unokosha wepamutemo wenyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu dzakazotevera. Yakapa hwaro hwepamutemo hwekudenha rusaruraganda mumamwe masangano ehurumende, akadai sedzimba, chokufambisa, uye kuvhota, zvichitungamirira kukumwe rukundo mukurwira kuenzana.
Kutsigira Zvido zveBumbiro reMitemo:
Mutongo uyu wakasimbisazve mutemo wekuti chirevo chekudzivirira kwakaenzana cheFourteenth Amendment chinoshanda kuvagari vese uye kuti rusaruraganda haruenderani nehunhu hunokosha hweBumbiro reMitemo. Yakabatsira kuchengetedza kodzero uye rusununguko rwenzanga dzaitarisirwa pasi uye kusimudzira chikonzero chekururamisira kwemarudzi.
Pakazara, nyaya yeBrown v. Board of Education yakaita basa reshanduko mubato rekodzero dzevanhu, zvichiita kuti kufambire mberi kukuru mukurwira kuenzana kwemarudzi uye kururamisira muUnited States.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo Chisarudzo
Mumutongo unokosha weBrown v. Board of Education, Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakabvumirana kuti rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende rwakatyora Mutemo weEqual Protection weFourteenth Amendment. Mhosva yacho yakakwidzwa pamberi peDare muna 1952 na1953 uye yakazotongwa pana May 17, 1954. Pfungwa yeDare, yakanyorwa naMutongi Mukuru Earl Warren, yakazivisa kuti “nzvimbo dzokudzidzisa dzakaparadzana hadzina kuenzana.” Yakataura kuti kunyange kana zvivako zvemuviri zvakaenzana, chiito chekuparadzanisa vadzidzi zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo chakaita chiseko uye pfungwa yekuzvidukupisa iyo yaiva nemigumisiro yakaipa padzidzo yavo uye kukura kwavo kwose. Dare rakaramba pfungwa yekuti rusaruraganda rungamboonekwa sezviri mubumbiro remutemo kana kuti rinogamuchirika pasi pemitemo yekudzivirira yakaenzana yeFourteenth Amendment. Sarudzo yakapidigura yakamboitwa “yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana” yakatangwa muna Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), iyo yakanga yabvumira kupatsanurwa chero bedzi pakanga paine zvivako zvakaenzana zvakapiwa kurudzi rumwe norumwe. Dare rakataura kuti kupatsanurwa kwezvikoro zvehurumende maererano nerudzi kwakange kusingaenderane nebumbiro remutemo uye rakaraira nyika kuti dziparadzanise masisitimu ezvikoro zvavo "nekukurumidza nemaune." Mutongo uyu wakaisa hwaro hwekuzoregedzerwa kwezvivakwa zveveruzhinji nemasangano munyika yose. Chisarudzo cheBrown v. Board of Education chakachinja musangano wekodzero dzevanhu uye chakaratidza kuchinja kwemitemo ine chekuita nekuenzana kwemarudzi. Yakakurudzira kuedza kugumisa rusarura, zvose muzvikoro uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzevanhu, uye yakakurudzira mhirizhonga uye matambudziko emutemo kuti abvise maitiro erusarura epanguva iyoyo.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo kumashure
Tisati takurukura nezvenyaya yeBrown v. Board of Education zvakanangana, zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise mamiriro ekusarura kwemarudzi muUnited States pakati pezana ramakore rechi20. Mushure mekubviswa kweuranda mushure meAmerican Civil War, veAfrica muAmerica vakatarisana nerusarura rwakapararira nechisimba. Mitemo yeJim Crow yakadzikwa mukupera kwe19th uye kutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, ichimanikidza kusarurana kwemarudzi munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji sezvikoro, mapaki, maresitorendi, uye zvekufambisa. Mitemo iyi yaive yakavakirwa pane "yakasiyana asi yakaenzana" musimboti, waibvumira nzvimbo dzakasiyana chero dzichionekwa dzakaenzana mumhando. Mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi20, masangano ekodzero dzevanhu nevaratidziri vakatanga kupikisa rusaruraganda uye kutsvaga kodzero dzakaenzana dzeAfrica America. Muna 1935, National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People (NAACP) yakatanga nhevedzano yemitemo yekusarurana kwemarudzi mudzidzo, inozivikanwa seNAACP's Education Campaign. Chinangwa chakanga chiri chokupidigura dzidziso “yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana” yakatangwa nemutongo weDare Repamusorosoro Plessy v. Ferguson muna 1896. Nzira yepamutemo yeNAACP yaiva yekupikisa kusaenzana kwezvikoro zvakapatsanurwa nekuratidzira kusaenzana kwakarongeka muzviwanikwa, zvivakwa, nemikana yedzidzo yevadzidzisi. Vadzidzi veAfrica-America. Iye zvino, takananga kuBrown v. Board of Education case: Muna 1951, nyaya yeclass-action yakamhan'arirwa vabereki gumi nevatatu vemuAfrica muTopeka, Kansas, neNAACP. Oliver Brown, mumwe wevabereki, akatsvaga kunyoresa mwanasikana wake, Linda Brown, pachikoro chepuraimari chichena chiri pedyo nepamba pavo. Zvisinei, Linda aifanira kuenda kune chimwe chikoro chevatema chaiva kure nebhuroko dzakawanda. Iyo NAACP yakataura kuti zvikoro zvakapatsanurwa muTopeka zvaive zvisina kuenzana uye zvakatyora vimbiso yeFourteenth Amendment yekuchengetedzwa kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo. Nyaya yacho yakazoenda kuDare Repamusorosoro apo Brown v. Board of Education. Chisarudzo cheDare Repamusorosoro muBrown v. Board of Education chakapiwa pana May 17, 1954. Chakabvisa dzidziso yo“kuparadzana asi kuenzana” mudzidzo yavose ndokutonga kuti rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvavose rwakapunza Bumbiro reMitemo. Mutongo uyu, wakanyorwa neMutongi Mukuru Earl Warren, wakava nemhedzisiro inosvika kure uye wakaisa muenzaniso wepamutemo wekuedza kusazvibata mune mamwe masangano ehurumende. Zvakadaro, kuitwa kwemutongo weDare kwakasangana nekupokana mumatunhu mazhinji, zvichitungamira kuhurongwa hwakareba hwekuzvisarudzira muma1950 nema1960.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo Nyaya Pfupi
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 US 483 (1954) Chokwadi: Mhosva iyi yakabva mumatare akawanda akabatanidzwa, kusanganisira Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Vamhan'ari, vana veAfrica veAmerica, nemhuri dzavo vakapikisa kusarurana kwezvikoro zvehurumende muKansas, Delaware, South Carolina, neVirginia. Vakataura kuti kusarurana kwemarudzi mudzidzo yeruzhinji kunotyora mutemo weEqual Protection Clause weFourteenth Amendment. Nyaya: Nyaya huru yaiva pamberi peDare Repamusorosoro yaiva yekuti kusarura kwemarudzi muzvikoro zvehurumende kwaigona kutsigirwa nebumbiro remitemo pasi pedzidziso “yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana” yakatangwa nesarudzo yePlessy v. Ferguson muna 1896, kana kuti ikatyora vimbiso yakaenzana yekudzivirira yeChinechina. Kugadzirisa. Chisarudzo: Dare Repamusorosoro rakatonga pamwe chete richitsigira vamhan'ari, richibata kuti rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende rwakanga rwusingaenderani nemutemo. Kufunga: Dare rakaongorora nhoroondo uye chinangwa cheFourteenth Amendment uye rakagumisa kuti vagadziri vacho vaisada kuti ibvumidze dzidzo yakapatsanurwa. Dare rakaona kuti dzidzo inokosha pakukura kwemunhu uye kuti kupatsanurwa kwaiita kuti munhu anzwe akaderera. Dare rakaramba dzidziso “yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana”, ichitaura kuti kunyangwe zvivakwa zvemuviri zvakaenzana, chiito chekuparadzanisa vadzidzi zvichienderana nerudzi chakagadzira kusaenzana. Kusarurana, Dare rakabata, rakanyima vadzidzi veAfrica-America mikana yedzidzo yakaenzana. Dare rakati kusarura kwemarudzi mudzidzo yeruzhinji kwakatyora mutemo weFourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause. Yakazivisa kuti nzvimbo dzedzidzo dzakaparadzana dzakanga dzisina kuenzana uye yakarayira kuti zvikoro zvehurumende zviparadzwe “nekukurumidza nemaune.” Zvinokosha: Chisarudzo cheBrown v. Board of Education chakapidigura muenzaniso “wakaparadzana asi wakaenzana” wakatangwa naPlessy v. Ferguson uye akazivisa rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende zvisiri pamutemo. Yakaratidza kukunda kukuru kwesangano rekodzero dzevanhu, yakakurudzira humwe hudzvanyiriri, uye yakamisa nhanho yekuedza kusazvibata muUnited States yose. Sarudzo iyi yakava chiitiko chakakosha mukurwira kuenzana kwemarudzi uye inoramba iri imwe yematare akakosha eDare Repamusorosoro munhoroondo yeAmerica.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo Impact
Sarudzo yeBrown v. Board of Education yakakanganisa zvikuru nzanga yeAmerica uye sangano rekodzero dzevanhu. Zvimwe zvezvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
Kuparadzaniswa kweZvikoro:
Sarudzo yaBrown yakazivisa rusaruraganda muzvikoro zveveruzhinji zvisiri pamutemo uye yakaraira kuparadzaniswa kwezvikoro. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvikoro zvibatane zvishoma nezvishoma muUnited States, kunyangwe hurongwa hwacho hwakasangana nekupokana uye zvakatora makore mazhinji kuti zvizadzise.
Legal Precedent:
Mutongo uyu wakagadza muenzaniso unokosha wepamutemo wekuti kupatsanurana kunoenderana nerudzi kwaive kusiri pamutemo uye kwakatyora vimbiso yakaenzana yekuchengetedzwa kweFourteenth Amendment. Uyu muenzaniso wakazoshandiswa kupikisa rusarura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehupenyu hweveruzhinji, zvichiita kuti pave nesangano rakakura rinopesana nerusaruraganda.
Chiratidzo cheEquality:
Sarudzo yeBrown yakava chiratidzo chekurwira kuenzana uye kodzero dzevanhu muUnited States. Yaimiririra kurambwa kwedzidziso “yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana” uye kusaenzana kwayo kwomuzvarirwo. Mutongo uyu wakakurudzira uye wakasimbisa vanorwira kodzero dzevanhu, uchivapa hwaro hwemutemo nehutsika hwekurwisa kwavo rusarura uye rusarura.
Kuwedzera Kurwira Kodzero dzevanhu:
Sarudzo yaBrown yakaita basa rakakosha mukukurudzira kufamba kwekodzero dzevanhu. Yakapa vatsigiri nharo yakajeka yepamutemo uye yakaratidza kuti matare akanga akagadzirira kupindira mukurwisana nerusaruraganda. Mutongo uyu wakakurudzira humwe hudzvanyiriri, kuratidzira, uye matambudziko emutemo kubvisa rusarura mumativi ese enzanga.
Mikana Yedzidzo:
Kuparadzaniswa kwezvikoro kwakavhura mikana yedzidzo yevadzidzi veAfrica-America iyo yakamborambwa kwavari. Kubatanidzwa kwakabvumira kuvandudzwa kwezviwanikwa, zvivakwa, uye kuwana dzidzo yemhando yepamusoro. Yakabatsira kuputsa zvipingamupinyi zvehurongwa kudzidzo uye yakapa hwaro hwekuenzana kukuru nemukana.
Broad Impact pane Civil Rights:
Sarudzo yaBrown yakave nemhedzisiro yekurwira kodzero dzevanhu kunze kwedzidzo. Yakagadza nhanho yezvinetso mukurwisana nezvivako zvakakamurwa muzvokufambisa, pokugara, uye pokugara kwavose. Mutongo wacho wakadudzwa munyaya dzakazotevera uye wakashanda sehwaro hwekubvisa rusaruraganda munzvimbo zhinji dzehupenyu hweveruzhinji.
Pakazara, sarudzo yeBrown v. Board of Education yakachinja kurwisa kusarurana kwemarudzi uye kusaenzana muUnited States. Zvakaita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira chikonzero chekodzero dzevanhu, kukurudzira kumwe kurwira kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuisa muenzaniso wepamutemo wekubvisa rusaruraganda.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo Kugadzirisa
Mhosva yeBrown v. Board of Education haina kusanganisa kugadzirwa kana kuvandudzwa kwebumbiro remutemo. Pane kudaro, nyaya yacho yakanangana nekududzirwa uye kushandiswa kweEqual Protection Clause yeFourteenth Amendment kuUnited States Constitution. Iyo Equal Protection Clause, inowanikwa muChikamu 1 cheFourteenth Amendment, inotaura kuti hapana nyika icha "ramba kune chero munhu ari mukati mehutongi hwayo kuchengetedzwa kwakaenzana kwemitemo." Dare Repamusorosoro, muchisarudzo charo muBrown v. Board of Education, rakafunga kuti rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende rwakaputsa iyi vimbiso yedziviriro yakaenzana. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya iyi isina kunyatsogadzirisa chero zvipimo zvebumbiro remitemo, mutongo waro wakaita basa guru mukuumba dudziro yeFourteenth Amendment uye kusimbisa nheyo yekuchengetedzwa kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo. Sarudzo iyi yakabatsira mukushanduka uye kuwedzera kwekuchengetedzwa kwebumbiro rekodzero dzevanhu, kunyanya maererano nekuenzana kwemarudzi.
Brown v Bhodhi reDzidzo Maonero Anopesana
Kwakanga kune mirangariro yakati kuti yaipesana mumhaka yaBrown v. Board of Education, vachimirira mirangariro yevatongi vakasiyana-siyana veDare Repamusorosoro. Vatatu vevatongi vakapa pfungwa dzinopesana: Mutongi Stanley Reed, Mutongi Felix Frankfurter, uye Mutongi John Marshall Harlan II. Mukupikisa kwavo, Justice Stanley Reed vakapokana kuti Dare rinofanirwa kusiya bazi rezvemitemo uye hurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika kugadzirisa nyaya dzekusarurana kwemarudzi mudzidzo. Aitenda kuti kufambira mberi kwevanhu kunofanira kuuya kuburikidza nekukakavadzana kwevanhu uye maitiro egutsaruzhinji kwete kuburikidza nekupindira kwematare. Mutongi Reed akataura kushushikana pamusoro peDare rekupfuura simba raro uye kupindira musimboti wemubatanidzwa nekuisa desegregation kubva kubhenji. Mukupikisa kwavo, Mutongi Felix Frankfurter akataura kuti Dare rinofanirwa kutevedzera mutemo wekurambidza matare uye kuregera kutsika yakagadzwa yemutemo yakagadzwa nemhosva yaPlessy v. Ferguson. Akapikisa kuti dzidziso yokuti “vakaparadzana asi vakaenzana” inofanira kuramba yakasimba kunze kwokunge paine kuratidzwa kwakajeka kwechinangwa chorusarura kana kuti kusabatwa zvakanaka mune dzidzo. Mutongi Frankfurter aitenda kuti Dare harifanire kutsauka kubva pamaitiro echinyakare ekuremekedza kuita kwemitemo nekutonga. Mutongi John Marshall Harlan II, mumaonero ake aipikisa, akataura kushushikana kuri kuita Dare redzimhosva kwekodzero dzematunhu uye kubva pazvisungo zvekutonga. Vati bumbiro reFourteenth Amendment harina kurambidza zviri pachena kusarurana kwemarudzi uye chinangwa chekuvandudzwa kwacho chaive chisiri chekugadzirisa nyaya dzekuenzana kwemarudzi mudzidzo. Mutongi Harlan akatenda kuti mutongo weDare wakapfuura simba rayo uye wakapinda pamasimba akachengeterwa nyika. Mafungiro anopikisana aya airatidza maonero akasiyana pamusoro pebasa reDare mukugadzirisa nyaya dzekusarurana kwemarudzi pamwe nekududzirwa kwegwaro regumi nechina. Zvisinei, pasinei hapo nokusawirirana uku, mutongo weDare Repamusorosoro panyaya yaBrown v. Board of Education wakamira somufungo woruzhinji uye pakupedzisira wakatungamirira kukuparadzaniswa kwezvikoro zvehurumende muUnited States.
Plessy v Ferguson
Plessy naFerguson yaiva nyaya inokosha yakatongwa neDare Repamusorosoro reUnited States muna 1896. Nyaya yacho yaiva nechokuita nomutemo wokupikisa mutemo weLouisiana waida rusaruraganda muzvitima. Homer Plessy, uyo akarondedzerwa semuAfrica muAmerica pasi pemutemo weLouisiana we "donhwe rimwe chete," akatyora mutemo nemaune kuti vaedze bumbiro remutemo. Plessy akakwira motokari yechitima "chena-chete" uye akaramba kuenda kumotokari "yemavara" yakasarudzwa. Akasungwa akapomerwa mhosva yekutyora mutemo. Plessy akapokana kuti mutemo unotyora Equal Protection Clause yeFourteenth Amendment kuUnited States Constitution, iyo inovimbisa kubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pemutemo. Dare Repamusorosoro, mumutongo we7-1, rakatsigira kuenderana kwemutemo weLouisiana. Mafungiro eruzhinji, akanyorwa naJustice Henry Billings Brown, akatanga dzidziso "yakaparadzana asi yakaenzana". Dare rakati kupatsanurwa kwaive kuri mubumbiro remutemo chero bedzi zvivakwa zvakasiyana zvaipihwa marudzi akasiyana zvakaenzana pahunhu. Sarudzo yakaitwa muna Plessy v. Ferguson yakabvumira rusaruraganda rwuri pamutemo uye yakava muenzaniso wepamutemo wakaumba nzira yehukama hwemarudzi muUnited States kwemakumi emakore. Mutongo uyu wakaita zviri pamutemo “Jim Crow” mitemo nemitemo munyika yose, izvo zvaimanikidza kusarurana kwemarudzi uye rusarura muzvinhu zvakasiyana zvehupenyu hweveruzhinji. Plessy v. Ferguson akamira semucherechedzo kusvikira wakatsiurwa nechisarudzo cheDare Repamusorosoro chakabvumiranwa chakabvumiranwa muna Brown v. Board of Education muna 1954. Mutongo waBrown wakataura kuti rusaruraganda muzvikoro zvehurumende rwakaputsa Equal Protection Clause uye rwakaratidza kuchinja kunokosha muzvikoro zvehurumende. kurwisa kusarurana kwemarudzi muUnited States.
Kodzero dzeVanhu of 1964
The Civil Rights Act ye1964 mutemo unokosha unorambidza rusarura runobva parudzi, ruvara, chitendero, zvepabonde, kana nyika. Inoonekwa seimwe yezvikamu zvakakosha zvemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu munhoroondo yeUnited States. Mutemo uyu wakasainwa kuti uve mutemo neMutungamiri Lyndon B. Johnson musi waChikunguru 2, 1964, mushure mekukakavadzana kwenguva refu muCongress. Chinangwa chayo chikuru chaive chekupedza rusaruraganda nerusarura rwakaramba rwuchienderera mberi muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu hweveruzhinji, kusanganisira zvikoro, mabasa, zvivakwa zveveruzhinji, uye kodzero dzekuvhota. Zvikamu zvakakosha zveCivil Rights Act ye1964 zvinosanganisira:
Kubviswa kweZvivakwa Zveruzhinji Zita I remutemo rinorambidza rusarura kana rusarura munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, zvakaita semahotera, maresitorendi, mabhaisikopo, nemapaki. Rinotaura kuti vanhu havangarambidzwe kuwana kana kubatwa zvisina kuenzana munzvimbo idzi zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo, ruvara, chitendero, kana nyika kwavanobva.
Kusarura muFederally Funded Programs Title II inorambidza rusarura muchirongwa chero chipi zvacho kana chiitiko chinowana rubatsiro rwemari yemubatanidzwa. Inobata nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira dzidzo, hutano hwehutano, zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, uye masevhisi emagariro.
Equal Employment Opportunity Title III inorambidza kusarura pabasa kunoenderana nerudzi, ruvara, chinamato, bonde, kana nyika kwakabva. Yakamisa iyo Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), iyo ine basa rekumanikidza uye nekuona kutevedzerwa nezviga zveMutemo.
Kudzivirirwa Kodzero dzeKuvhota Chinyorwa IV cheCivil Rights Act chinosanganisira zvisungo zvakanangana nekuchengetedza kodzero dzekuvhota uye kurwisa maitiro erusarura, semutero wepoll uye bvunzo dzekuverenga. Yakabvumira hurumende yemubatanidzwa kutora matanho ekuchengetedza kodzero dzekuvhota uye kuona mukana wakaenzana wekuita sarudzo. Pamusoro pezvo, Mutemo wakagadzirawo Community Relations Service (CRS), iyo inoshanda kudzivirira nekugadzirisa kusawirirana kwemarudzi nemarudzi uye kukurudzira kunzwisisa nekushandira pamwe pakati penharaunda dzakasiyana.
Civil Rights Act ye1964 yakaita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira chikonzero chekodzero dzevanhu muUnited States uye kubvisa rusarura rwemasangano. Yakave yakatsigirwa nemutemo wakatevera wekodzero dzevanhu uye mutemo unopokana nerusarura, asi inoramba iri chiratidzo chakakosha mukurwira kuenzana nekururamisira kuri kuitika.