Kurukurai naRussell Anopikisa Dzidzo Yekudzora Nyika
Russell Anopokana Kudzorwa Kwehurumende Yedzidzo
Munyika yedzidzo, munhu anowana maonero akasiyana-siyana maererano nebasa rakanaka renyika. Vamwe vanopokana kuti nyika inofanirwa kuve nesimba rakakura pazvikoro zvedzidzo, nepo vamwe vachitenda mukupindira kwehurumende kushoma. Bertrand Russell, muzivi weBritain ane mukurumbira, nyanzvi yemasvomhu, uye nyanzvi, anowira muboka rokupedzisira. Russell anoshora zvakasimba kudzora nyika dzidzo, achipa nharo inogombedzera yakavakirwa pakukosha kworusununguko rwoungwaru, zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvavanhu vamwe navamwe, uye mukana wokudzidzisa.
Kutanga, Russell anosimbisa ukoshi hworusununguko rwoungwaru mudzidzo. Anotaura kuti kutonga kwenyika kunoda kudzikamisa kusiyana-siyana kwemazano uye kunotadzisa kukura kwenjere. Sekureva kwaRussell, dzidzo inofanirwa kusimudzira kufunga kwakadzama uye kuvhurika pfungwa, izvo zvinogona kuitika chete munzvimbo isina dzidziso dzakatemerwa nehurumende. Kana Hurumende inodzora dzidzo, ine simba rekutaura kosi, kusarudza mabhuku, uye kupesvedzera kupinza basa kwevadzidzisi. Kudzora kwakadaro kunowanzo kutungamirira kunzira yepfungwa yakamanikana, inodzivisa kunzvera nekuvandudzwa kwemifungo mitsva.
Uyezve, Russell anosimbirira kuti vanhu vanosiyana mune zvavanoda padzidzo uye zvavanoshuvira. Nekutonga kwehurumende, kune njodzi yekuzvarwa yekumisikidzwa, uko dzidzo inova imwe-saizi-inokodzera-ese system. Iyi nzira inofuratira chokwadi chekuti vadzidzi vane matarenda akasiyana, zvavanofarira, uye maitiro ekudzidza. Russell anokurudzira kuti hurongwa hwedzidzo hwakadzika, hune zvikoro zvakasiyana siyana zvinopa zvinodiwa nemunhu mumwe nemumwe, hungave hunobudirira mukuona kuti munhu wese anowana dzidzo inoenderana nehunyanzvi hwavo uye vavariro yavo.
Uyezve, Russell anoratidza kushushikana kuti kudzora nyika dzidzo kunogona kutungamira mukudzidziswa. Anopikisa kuti hurumende dzinowanzoshandisa dzidzo kusimudzira pfungwa kana kuti zvirongwa zvavo, dzichiumba pfungwa dzevaduku kuti dzienderane nemaonero enyika. Iyi tsika inodzvanyirira kufunga kwakadzama uye inoganhura kuratidzwa kwevadzidzi kune akasiyana maonero. Russell anoomerera pakuti dzidzo inofanira kuvavarira kusimudzira kufunga kwakazvimirira pane kudzidzisa vanhu nezvitendero zveboka rinotonga.
Mukupesana nekutonga kwenyika, Russell anotsigira hurongwa hunopa huwandu hwakasiyana hwesarudzo dzedzidzo, senge zvikoro zvakazvimirira, dzidzo yepamba, kana zvirongwa zvenharaunda. Anotenda kuti iyi nzira yakasarudzika yaizobvumira kuvandudzwa kukuru, kusiyana, uye rusununguko rwepfungwa. Nekukurudzira makwikwi nesarudzo, Russell anoti dzidzo yaizova inoteerera kune zvinodiwa nevadzidzi, vabereki, uye nzanga yose zvayo.
Mumhedziso, kushora kwaBertrand Russell kukudzora nyika kwedzidzo kunobva mukudavira kwake ukoshi hworusununguko rwoungwaru, zvinodikanwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvavanhu vamwe navamwe, uye bviro yokudzidziswa. Anoti dzidzo haifanire kutungamirirwa nehurumende chete, sezvo ichidzikamisa kukura kwenjere, inofuratira misiyano yemunhu mumwe nemumwe, uye inogona kusimudzira maonero epasi. Russell anoreverera hurongwa hwakasarudzika hunopa sarudzo dzakasiyana dzedzidzo, kuve nechokwadi chekuti rusununguko rwehungwaru uye zvinodiwa nemunhu zvinosangana. Kunyange hazvo gakava rake rakamutsa gakava, rinoramba riri mupiro wakakura kuhurukuro irikuenderera mberi pamusoro pebasa renyika mudzidzo.
Musoro: Russell Anopikisa Dzidzo Yekudzora Nyika
Introduction:
Dzidzo inoita basa rakakosha mukuumba vanhu uye nzanga. Gakava maererano nekutonga kwedzidzo yehurumende yagara iri nyaya yekukakavadzana, ine maonero akasiyana pamusoro pezvakanakira uye zvinokanganisa. Mumwe munhu ane mukurumbira anoshora kudzora dzidzo yenyika muzivi ane mukurumbira wokuBritain Bertrand Russell. Ichi chinyorwa chichanzvera murangariro waRussell ndokukurukura zvikonzero zvakaparira kushora kwake kudzora nyika kwedzidzo.
Rusununguko rwemunhu uye kukura kwepfungwa:
Chekutanga uye chakakosha, Russell anotenda kuti kutonga kwenyika kwedzidzo kunotadzisa rusununguko rwemunhu uye kukura kwenjere. Anotaura kuti muhurongwa hwedzidzo hunodzorwa nehurumende, kosi yedzidzo inowanzogadzirirwa kuti ishandire zvido zvehurumende, pane kukurudzira vadzidzi kuti vakudziridze hunyanzvi hwavo hwekufunga kwakadzama uye kuongorora pfungwa dzakasiyana siyana nemaonero.
Censorship uye indoctrination:
Chimwe chikonzero chokushora kwaRussell ibviro yokudzorwa uye kudzidziswa mudzidzo inodzorwa nehurumende. Anoti kana nyika iine masimba pane zvinodzidziswa, pane njodzi yekurerekera divi rimwe chete, kudzvanyirirwa kwemaonero anopikisana, uye kuroverera pfungwa imwe chete inotonga. Izvi, maererano naRussell, zvinonyima vadzidzi mukana wekukudziridza pfungwa yakazvimirira uye zvinotadzisa kutsvaga chokwadi.
Standardization uye kuenderana:
Russell anoshorawo kutonga kwenyika kwedzidzo yekusimudzira kumira uye kuenderana. Anotaura kuti hurongwa hwedzidzo hwepakati hunowanzo simbisa kufanana munzira dzekudzidzisa, zvidzidzo, uye maitiro ekuongorora. Kufanana uku kunogona kukanganisa hunyanzvi, hunyanzvi, uye matarenda akasiyana emudzidzi mumwe nemumwe, sezvo ivo vachimanikidzwa kuenderana neyakatemerwa mwero.
Kusiyana kwetsika nemagariro:
Uyezve, Russell anosimbisa kukosha kwekusiyana kwetsika nemagariro mune dzidzo. Anopikisa kuti dzidzo inodzorwa nehurumende kazhinji inozvidza zvidikanwi zvakasiyana, tsika, uye tsika dzenharaunda dzakasiyana. Russell anotenda kuti dzidzo inofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nenharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana kukurudzira ruzivo rwetsika, kubatanidzwa, uye kuremekedza maonero akasiyana.
Kutora chikamu kweDemocratic uye kuzvitonga:
Chekupedzisira, Russell anopokana kuti hurongwa hwedzidzo husina hutongi hwehurumende hunogonesa kutora chikamu kwedemocracy uye kuzvitonga. Nekukurudzira kuzvitonga kwedzidzo, anotenda kuti nharaunda nemasangano anogona kuve nepesvedzero yakawanda pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvedzidzo, zvichitungamira kuhurongwa hunoratidza zvinodiwa munharaunda nehunhu. Maitiro akadai anokurudzira kushingaira kwevagari vemo uye kupa simba mukati menharaunda.
mhedziso:
Bertrand Russell akapikisa kutonga kwenyika kwedzidzo nekuda kwekunetseka nezverusununguko rwemunhu, censorship, indoctrination, standardization, kusiyana kwetsika, uye kutora chikamu kwedemokrasi. Akatenda kuti hurongwa husina hutongi hwehurumende hwaizobvumira kusimudzirwa kwekufunga kwakadzama, rusununguko rwepfungwa, ruzivo rwetsika, uye kubatanidzwa kwedemokrasi. Kunyange zvazvo nyaya yekutonga kwedzidzo yenyika ichiramba iri nyaya yegakava rinoramba riripo, maonero aRussell anopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pezvipingamupinyi zvingangoitika zvekuisa pakati uye kusimbisa kukosha kwekukurudzira hunhu, kusiyana-siyana, uye kutora chikamu kwedemokrasi mukati mehurongwa hwedzidzo.