ziviso
The Separate Amenities Act, Act No 49 of 1953, yakaumba chikamu cheapartheid system yekusarurana kwemarudzi muSouth Africa. Mutemo uyu wakabvumira kupatsanurwa kwemarudzi kwenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, mota, uye masevhisi. Migwagwa nemigwagwa yaisvikwa neveruzhinji chete ndiyo yakabviswa muMutemo. Section 3b yeMutemo yakataura kuti zvivakwa zvemarudzi akasiyana hazvifanirwe kuenzana. Chikamu 3a chakaita kuti zvive pamutemo kupa zvivakwa zvakapatsanurwa asiwo kusabvisa zvachose vanhu, zvichienderana nerudzi rwavo, kubva munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, mota, kana masevhisi. Mukuita, zvivakwa zvemhando yepamusoro zvaive zvakachengeterwa vachena nepo zvemamwe marudzi zvaive zvakaderera.
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The Separate Amenities Act ye1953 yakasimbisa kusarura nekupa nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemarudzi akasiyana. Mutemo uyu wakabata nyika zvikuru, uye uchiri kunzwika nanhasi. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nhoroondo yeSeparate Amenities Act, zvayakaita kuSouth Africa, uye kuti yadairwa sei.
Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wakadzikwa muna 1953 nehurumende yeNational Party yeSouth Africa. Mutemo uyu wakagadzirirwa kumanikidza zviri pamutemo kusarurana kwemarudzi nekurambidza vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana kushandisa zvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvakafanana. Izvi zvaisanganisira zvimbuzi, mapaki, madziva okutuhwina, mabhazi, uye zvimwe zvivakwa zvevoruzhinji. Mutemo uyu wakapawo makanzuru simba rekugadzira zvivakwa zvakasiyana zvemarudzi akasiyana.
Migumisiro yeSeparate Amenities Act yakanga yakakura zvikuru. Yakagadzira gadziriro yokuparadzana kwepamutemo uye yakanga iri chisakiso chikuru mugadziriro yorusaruraganda yeSouth Africa. Mutemo uyu wakakonzerawo kusaenzana, sezvo vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana vaibatwa zvakasiyana uye vaisakwanisa kusanganisa vakasununguka. Izvi zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya nzanga yeSouth Africa, kunyanya maererano nekubatana kwemarudzi.
Mhinduro kuSeparate Amenities Act yakasiyana. Kune rumwe rutivi, yakashorwa nevakawanda, kusanganisira United Nations nemamwe masangano epasi rose, senzira yerusarura uye kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Nekune rimwe divi, vamwe vagari vemuSouth Africa vanoti Mutemo uyu waidiwa kuchengetedza kuwirirana kwemarudzi uye kudzivirira mhirizhonga yemarudzi.
Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wa1953 ndiwo wakakonzera hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri hweSouth Africa. Yakamanikidza kupatsanurwa uye yakagadzira kusaenzana. Migumisiro yeMutemo ichiri kunzwika nanhasi, uye mhinduro yacho yakasiyana. Pakupedzisira, zviri pachena kuti mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wakakanganisa zvikuru muSouth Africa. Nhaka yaro ichiri kunzwika nanhasi.
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Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act, wakadzikwa muSouth Africa muna 1953, wakapatsanura zvivakwa zveveruzhinji. Mutemo uyu waive chikamu chehurongwa hwerusaruraganda hwaimanikidza kusarurana kwemarudzi uye hudzvanyiriri hwevatema muSouth Africa. Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wairambidza vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana kushandisa zvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvakafanana. Mutemo uyu hauna kungogumira pazvivakwa zveveruzhinji chete, asiwo wakatambanudzirwa kumapaki, mahombekombe, maraibhurari, mabhaisikopo, zvipatara, uye kunyange zvimbuzi zvehurumende.
The Separate Amenities Act yaive chikamu chikuru cherusaruraganda. Mutemo uyu wakange wakagadzirirwa kuti vanhu vatema vasasvike panzvimbo imwe chete nevachena. Zvakatadzisawo vanhu Vatema kuwana mikana yakafanana nevachena. Mutemo uyu wakaitwa nemapurisa aifamba-famba munzvimbo dzinogara veruzhinji pamwe nekuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe. Kana paine aityora mutemo aigona kusungwa kana kubhadhariswa faindi.
Vanhu vatema vekuSouth Africa vakapikisa mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act. Vaifunga kuti mutemo wacho waive nerusarura uye usina kururama. Izvi zvakashorwawo nemasangano epasi rose akaita seUnited Nations neAfrican National Congress. Masangano aya akakurudzira kuti mutemo ubviswe uye kuenzana kukuru kwevatema vemuSouth Africa.
Muna 1989, iyo Separate Amenities Act yakabviswa. Izvi zvakaonekwa sekukunda kukuru kwekuenzana uye kodzero dzevanhu muSouth Africa. Kubviswa kwemutemo uyu kwakaonekwawo sedanho rakanaka rekuti nyika ipedze hutongi hwehudzvanyiriri.
Iyo Separate Amenities Act chikamu chakakosha chenhoroondo yeSouth Africa. Mutemo waive chikamu chikuru chehurongwa hwehudzvanyiriri uye chipingamupinyi chikuru mukuenzana uye kodzero dzevanhu muSouth Africa. Kubviswa kwemutemo kwaive kukunda kwakakosha kwekuenzana nekodzero dzevanhu munyika. Chiyeuchidzo chekukosha kwekurwira kuenzana uye kodzero dzevanhu.
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Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wa1953 wakamanikidza rusaruraganda munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji nekudoma zvimwe zvivakwa se "vachena-chete" kana "vasiri vachena-chete". Mutemo uyu wairambidza vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana kushandisa nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzakafanana semaresitorendi, zvimbuzi, mabhichi nemapaki. Mutemo uyu waive chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hweApartheid, hurongwa hwekusarurana kwemarudzi uye hudzvanyiriri hwaivepo muSouth Africa kubva 1948 kusvika 1994.
The Separate Amenities Act yakadzikwa muna 1953, uye yaive imwe yemitemo yekutanga yakadzikwa panguva yeApartheid system. Mutemo uyu waive wekuwedzera kwePopulation Registration Act ya1950, iyo yaiisa vanhu vese vekuSouth Africa mumapoka emarudzi. Nekudoma zvimwe zvivakwa se“vachena-chete” kana kuti “vasiri vachena-chete”, Separate Amenities Act waisimbisa rusaruraganda.
Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wakasangana nekupikiswa kwakapararira kubva kune dzimwe nyika nekunze kwenyika. Varwiri pamwe nemasangano akawanda muSouth Africa akaita seAfrican National Congress (ANC) vaipikisa mutemo uyu vakaita kuratidzira pamwe nekupikisa mutemo uyu. Sangano reUnited Nations rakapasisawo zvisungo zvinoshora mutemo uye kuti ubviswe.
Mhinduro yangu kuSeparate Amenities Act yakandivhundutsa uye kusatenda. Somunhu muduku aikura muSouth Africa, ndaiziva nezverusaruraganda rwakanga ruripo, asi Separate Amenities Act yairatidzika kuva inoendesa uku kusarura kumwero mutsva. Zvakanga zvakaoma kudavira kuti mutemo wakadaro unogona kuvapo munyika yanhasi. Ndakaona kuti mutemo uyu waityora kodzero dzevanhu uye waizvidza chiremera chemunhu.
Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wakabviswa muna 1991, asi nhaka yawo ichiripo muSouth Africa nanhasi. Migumisiro yemutemo inogona kuramba ichionekwa mukusaenzana kwekuwana zvivakwa zveveruzhinji nemabasa pakati pemapoka emarudzi akasiyana. Mutemo uyu wakavawo nepesvedzero yenguva refu papfungwa dzevaSouth Africa, uye ndangariro dzeiyi gadziriro inodzvinyirira dziri kuramba dzichitambudza vanhu vakawanda nhasi.
Mukupedzisa, iyo Separate Amenities Act ye1953 yaive chikamu chakakosha cheiyo Apartheid system muSouth Africa. Mutemo uyu waisimbisa rusaruraganda munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kuburikidza nekudoma dzimwe nzvimbo se“vachena-chete” kana kuti “vasiri vachena-chete”. Mutemo uyu wakasangana nekupikiswa kwakapararira kubva kumarudzi ese emunyika nekunze, uye wakabviswa muna 1991. Nhaka yemutemo uyu ichiripo muSouth Africa nanhasi, uye ndangariro dzeudzvanyiriri uhwu dzichiri kushungurudza vanhu vazhinji.
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The Separate Amenities Act waive mutemo wakadzikwa muSouth Africa muna 1953 wakagadzirirwa kupatsanura zvivakwa zveveruzhinji nezvivakwa nerudzi. Mutemo uyu wakanga uri rutivi rukuru rwegadziriro yorusaruraganda, iyo yakadzikwa mutemo muna 1948. Wakanga uri musimboti womutemo wokusarura madzinza muSouth Africa. Yakanga iri chikamu chikuru chekuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo dzevanhu uye zvivako munyika.
The Separate Amenities Act yakataura kuti nzvimbo ipi neipi yevoruzhinji, yakadai semapaki, mhenderekedzo dzegungwa, uye zvifambiso zvavose, yaigona kuparadzaniswa nedzinza. Mutemo uyu waibvumidzawo kuti kuve nezvikoro zvakasiyana, zvipatara, nenzvimbo dzekuvhotera. Mutemo uyu wakasimbisa kupatsanurwa kwemarudzi muSouth Africa. Yakava nechokwadi chokuti vanhu vachena vaiwana nzvimbo dziri nani kupfuura vanhu vatema.
Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act wakashoropodzwa zvikuru nenyika dzepasi rose. Nyika dzakawanda dzakaishora ichiti kutyora kodzero dzevanhu uye dzakakurudzira kuti ibviswe nekukasika. MuSouth Africa, mutemo wakasangana nekuratidzira uye kusateerera kwevanhu. Vanhu vakawanda vakaramba kuteerera mutemo, uye zviito zvakawanda zvekusateerera kwevanhu zvakaitwa zvichipikisa mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act.
Nekuda kwekuchema kwakabva kunyika dzepasi rose, hurumende yeSouth Africa yakamanikidzwa kushandura mutemo. Muna 1991, mutemo wakagadziridzwa kuitira kuti zvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvibatanidzwe. Kuvandudzwa uku kwaive danho guru rekufambira mberi mukurwisa rusaruraganda. Zvakabatsira kuvhura nzira kune nzanga yakaenzana muSouth Africa.
Mhinduro yangu kuSeparate Amenities Act yaive kusatenda uye kutsamwa. Ndakatadza kubvuma kuti mutemo werusarura wakadaro waigona kuvapo munzanga yemazuva ano. Ndaiona sokuti mutemo waizvidza kodzero dzevanhu uye waityora chiremera chemunhu.
Ndakakurudzirwa nokunyunyuta kwakaita nyika dzakawanda pamusoro pemutemo uye kuchinja kwakaitwa pauri muna 1991. Ndakafunga kuti iri raiva danho guru rokufambira mberi mukurwisa rusaruraganda uye kodzero dzevanhu muSouth Africa. Ndakanzwawo kuti rakanga riri danho rinokosha mugwara rakanaka rokuenda kunzanga yakaenzana.
Mukupedzisa, iyo Separate Amenities Act yakabatsira zvakanyanya mukuparadzaniswa kwenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye zvivakwa muSouth Africa. Mutemo uyu wakasangana nekushoropodzwa kwakawanda kubva kunharaunda dzepasirese uye wakazogadziridzwa kuti ubvumire kubatanidzwa kwenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji. Mhinduro yangu kumutemo yakanga iri yokusadavira uye kushatirwa, uye ndakakurudzirwa nechinjo dzakaitwa pauri muna 1991. Iyi gadziridzo yakanga iri nhano huru mukurwisana norusaruraganda uye nokuda kwekodzero dzevanhu muSouth Africa.
pfupiso
Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act waiva chidimbu chemutemo wakadzikwa muSouth Africa muna 1953 munguva yerusaruraganda. Chiitiko ichi chine chinangwa chekuisa rusaruraganda nekuda kwezvivakwa zvakasiyana uye zvinobatsira zvemarudzi akasiyana. Pasi pemutemo uyu, zvivakwa zveveruzhinji zvakaita semapaki, mabhichi, dzimba dzekugezera, zvifambiso zvevoruzhinji, nenzvimbo dzedzidzo zvakapatsanurwa, paine nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzakarongedzerwa vachena, vatema, makaradhi nemaIndia. Chiitiko ichi chakapawo hurumende simba rekudoma dzimwe nzvimbo se "nzvimbo dzevachena" kana "nzvimbo dzisiri dzevachena," zvichienderera mberi nekumanikidza kusarura kwemarudzi.
Kutevedzwa kwemutemo uyu kwakakonzera kuti pave nezvivako zvakasiyana uye zvisina kuenzana, vachena vachiwana zvivakwa zviri nani nezviwanikwa zvichienzaniswa nevasiri vachena. Mutemo weSeparate Amenities Act waiva mumwe wemitemo yakawanda yerusaruraganda yaimanikidza rusaruraganda uye rusarura muSouth Africa. Yakaramba ichishanda kusvika yabviswa muna 1990 sechikamu chenhaurirano dzekubvisa rusaruraganda. Chiitiko ichi chakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya munyika nepasirese nekuda kwekusarurama uye kusarura.