Dzokera kunhetembo yeSomme muzvinyorwa zveChirungu: Rwiyo Rwamatope
- Urwu ndirwo rwiyo rwa madhaka,
- Dope rakachenuruka rinopenya rinofukidza zvikomo sesatini;
- Iyo pfumbu inopenya sirivheri madhaka anowaridzwa seenameri mipata;
- Kufema furo, kuputika, kumhanya, madhaka anoyerera munzira mibhedha;
- Madhaka akakora erastiki anokanya nekudzvurwa nekusvinwa pasi pemahwanda yemabhiza;
- Madhaka asingakundwi, asingapere enzvimbo yehondo.
- Urwu ndirwo rwiyo rwematope, yunifomu yepoilu.
- Bhachi rake nderevhu, rake hukuru kukweva jasi rinoputika, kuti Zvakare guru kwaari uye zvinorema;
- Bhachi rake raimbove bhuruu uye zvino rachena uye rakaomarara madhaka anoisa pairi.
- Aya madhaka ayo mbatya iye. Mudhebhe wake nebhutsu zviri yematope,
- Neganda rake ndeyevhu;
- Uye ndebvu dzake mune madhaka.
- Musoro wake wakashongedzwa korona a ngowani yevhu.
- Anopfeka zvakanaka.
- Anopfeka samambo anopfeka ermine iyo bores iye.
- Akagadza chinhu chitsvachimiro muzvipfeko;
- Akazivisa chic yematope.
- Urwu ndirwo rwiyo rwemadhaka runomonereka kupinda muhondo.
- The asina basa, anopindira, ari kwose kwose, asingafarirwe,
- The slimy inveterate nuisance,
- Izvo zvinozadza migero,
- Izvo zvinosanganiswa ne zvokudya zvevarwi.
- Izvo zvinoshatisa kushanda kwemotor uye anokambaira muchivande chavo zvikamu,
- kuti Anopararira pachayo pamusoro pe pfuti,
- Izvo zvinosveta pfuti pasi uye inodzibata zvakasimba muhunyoro hwayo miromo,
- Izvo hazvina kuremekedza kuparadzwa uye muromo unoputika shells;
- Uye zvishoma nezvishoma, zvinyoronyoro, nyore,
- Inopisa moto, the noise; inonyorovesa simba uye ushingi;
- Soaks up simba rehondo;
- Soaks kurwa.
- Inotota chete zvichikwira uye nokudaro anomira izvozvo.
- Urwu ndirwo rwiyo rwemadhaka-zvinonyadzisa, tsvina, iyo kuparara,
- Guva rakakura remvura remauto edu. Chakanyudza varume vedu.
- Dumbu rayo rinotyisa rinokweva ne vakafa vasina kugaiwa.
- Varume vedu vakapinda mariri, vachinyura zvishoma nezvishoma, uye ichinetseka uye ichinyangarika zvishoma nezvishoma.
- Varume vedu vakanaka, majaya edu akashinga, akasimba;
- Varume vedu vakatsvuka, vanodaidzira, vane hukasha.
- Zvishoma nezvishoma, inch by inch, ivo vakapinda mukati izvozvo,
- Kupinda kwayo rima, ukobvu hwaro, kunyarara kwaro.
- Zvishoma nezvishoma, zvisingadzivisiki, zvakavakwevera pasi, kuvasveta pasi,
- uye vakanyudzwa mumadhaka gobvu, anovava, anopisa.
- Zvino zvavavanza, O, vazhinji vavo!
- Pasi pechiso chayo chinopenya iri kuvanda ivo vakapusa.
- Pane kwete nekamwe kawo.
- Hapana cherechedza pavakadzika.
- Zvimumumu zvihombe muromo yematope avhara pamusoro pavo.
- Urwu ndirwo rwiyo rwa madhaka,
- The goridhe rakanaka rinopenya Madhaka anofukidza zvikomo sesatini;
- Izvo zvisinganzwisisike sirivha inopenyamadhaka anowaridzwa seenameri pamusoro pemipata.
- Madhaka, kuzvivanza yenzvimbo yehondo;
- Madhaka, jasi re hondo;
- Madhaka, guva rakapfava remasoja edu:
- Uyu ndiye rwiyo rwematope.
Dzokera kuSomme: Mibvunzo neMhinduro
Hondo yeSomme yakarwiwa pakati paChikunguru naMbudzi 1916 mukati meHondo Yenyika I, yaive imwe yemakakatanwa akadeurwa zvakanyanya munhoroondo. Nekufa kunofungidzirwa kuva mirioni imwe, kwakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki kune avo vakatora rutivi. Mukuedza kunzwisisa zviri nani ichi chiitiko chakakosha, takagadzira seti yemibvunzo gumi inotsanangura nemhinduro nezvekudzoka kweSomme.
Mubvunzo wekutanga: Chii chaiva chinangwa cheHondo yeSomme?
Mhinduro: Hondo iyi yaive nechinangwa chekudzikisa kumanikidzwa kumauto eFrance kuVerdun uye kutyora mitsetse yekumberi yeGerman. Yakanga yakarongerwa sechisarudzo chekugumbura kune veAllies.
Mubvunzo 2: Hondo yeSomme yakatora nguva yakareba sei?
Mhinduro: Hondo yakagara kwemazuva 141, kubva munaJuly 1 kusvika November 18, 1916.
Mubvunzo 3: Ndivanaani vaive vatori vechikamu muhondo iyi?
Mhinduro: The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) neFrench Army, pamwe chete inozivikanwa seAllies, yakarwisana neGermany Empire.
Mubvunzo wechina: Vanhu vakakuvara vaive vakakosha zvakadii muhondo?
Mhinduro: Hondo yeSomme yakaguma nekufa kunoshamisa. VaBritish voga vakatambura vanopfuura 400,000 vakafa, vakakuvadzwa, kana kuti vakashaika, nepo maGerman aive nehafu yemiriyoni vakakuvara.
Mubvunzo wechishanu: Ndeapi matambudziko makuru akasangana nemasoja aidzoka kubva kuSomme?
Mhinduro: Varwi vaidzoka kubva kuSomme vakatarisana nematambudziko akaomarara emuviri nepfungwa. Chiitiko chinoshungurudza chehondo dzemigero, kuona kufa nekutambura kweshamwari, uye kutya kusingaperi kwekurwiswa zvakakanganisa hupenyu hwavo.
Mubvunzo wechitanhatu: Paiva nemigumisiro yakanaka kubva muhondo here?
Mhinduro: Pasinei nekufa kwayo kunoshamisa, Hondo yeSomme yakaunza shanduko dzakanaka. Yakamanikidza kutsauswa kwakarongeka kwemauto eGerman uye yakaita chikamu mukukunda kwekupedzisira kweAllies muHondo Yenyika I.
Mubvunzo wechinomwe: Veterans vakabatwa sei pavakadzoka kubva kuSomme?
Mhinduro: Varwi vanodzoka vakatarisana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana mukugadzirisa hupenyu hwevanhu, kusanganisira hurema hwepanyama uye kushungurudzika mupfungwa. Nehurombo, varwi vehondo vazhinji havana kutsigirwa zvakakwana nenzanga uye vainetseka nekuwana basa uye kurarama nezviitiko zvavo zvehondo.
Mubvunzo wechisere: Hondo yeSomme yakave nezvakakosha zvechigarire uye zvenhoroondo here?
Mhinduro: Hongu, Hondo yeSomme inoramba iri chiitiko chinokosha munhoroondo, ichifananidzira kusava nematuro uye kutyisa kwehondo dzemugero munguva yeHondo Yenyika I. Yakasiya simba risingaperi panhoroondo dzetsika nedzenhoroondo dzakapoteredza hondo.
Mubvunzo wechi9: Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zvakadzidzwa kubva muHondo yeSomme?
Mhinduro: Hondo yeSomme yakadzidzisa vadzidzisi vemauto zvidzidzo zvakakosha maererano nehondo dzemazuva ano. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinosanganisira kudiwa kwetsigiro yepfuti iri nani, kushanda kwemaoko kwakasanganiswa, uye kufambiswa zvakanaka pakati pevacheche nepfuti.
Mubvunzo wechi10: Hondo yave ichirangarirwa sei nhasi?
Mhinduro: Hondo yeSomme inorangarirwa gore negore musi waChikunguru 1 uye inoramba iri chikamu chakakosha chekuyeuka pamwe chete uye kuziva kwenyika kwenyika dzakabatanidzwa. Zvirangaridzo, mhemberero, uye zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinovavarira kukudza vakawa uye kudzidzisa zvizvarwa zvinotevera nezvehondo dzinotyisa.
Hondo yeSomme yakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki munhau, ichiumba maonero atinoita hondo nemigumisiro yayo. Nekunyatsoongorora mibvunzo nemhinduro iyi inotsanangura, tinowana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwezvimhingamipinyi uye kukosha kwakapoteredza kudzokera kuSomme. Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti avo vakarwa zvibayiro havazombokanganwiki.
Dzoka kubva kuSomme: Summary yeMunhu uye Sosaiti
Hondo yeSomme, yakarwiwa pakati paChikunguru naNovember 1916, inomira seimwe yehondo dzinodeura ropa zvikurusa uye dzinoparadza zvikuru munhau yavanhu. Muhondo iyi, upenyu husingaverengeki hwakarasika uye chizvarwa chakanga chakuvadzwa chakadzokera kumusha. Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekupa pfupiso inotsanangura mabatiro akaitwa Hondo yeSomme pamunhu nenharaunda. Inopa chiedza pamusoro pemigumisiro yakadzika iyo yakava nayo pane pamwe chete psyche uye resonance yayo munguva pfupi yapfuura.
Chiitiko chemunhu oga chevarwi vakapukunyuka hutsinye hwehondo chairatidzwa nemavanga epanyama uye epfungwa ayo akavatambudza kwehupenyu hwavo hwose. Avo vakadzoka vakanangana nemirangariro yakajeka neinotambudza yezvinotyisa zvavakapupurira paminda yeSomme. Kushungurudzika kwehondo kwakasiya chimiro chisingaperi, chichiratidza senge post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) nezvimwe zvirwere zvepfungwa. Vanhu ava vaiwanzonetseka kuti vadzoke munzanga, vachiremerwa nezvakaitika kwavari, izvo zvakashandura maonero avo enyika.
Uyezve, kukanganisa kweHondo yeSomme kwakawedzera kupfuura vanhu vanobatanidzwa zvakananga mukukonana. Kurasikirwa noupenyu kunoparadza kwakapesvedzera zvikuru nzanga yose zvayo. Mhuri dzakachema kurasikirwa nevadikani, kurwisana nenhamo huru uye zvinetso zvokuvakazve. Nharaunda dzakasiiwa dzapera, nezvizvarwa zvaparadzwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaora mwoyo akanga akazara munzanga pashure pehondo airatidza kushungurudzika uye kuchema kwevarwi vakanga vafa.
Pashure peSomme, tapuro munzanga haina kuganhurirwa kumavanga emirangariro akasiiwa norufu. Mamiriro ezveupfumi nemagariro eSosaiti akavhiringidzwawo zvikuru. Hondo yehondo yaida zviwanikwa zvakawanda, kuendesazve vashandi uye zvinhu kure nezvikamu zvevagari vemo. Apo varwi vakadzoka, vakawanda vakazviwana vapererwa nemabasa kana kuti vachitamburira kuwana donzo munzanga yaitamburira kunaya munyongano yehondo. Kusagadzikana kwevanhu kwakakonzerwa nehondo kwakakonzera kuora mwoyo uye kuvhiringidzika pakati pevakasara. Izvi zvakaitika nekuti vaitsvaga kuwana nzvimbo yavo munharaunda yakasandurwa nekunetsana.
Zvisinei nekurwadza kwakaitika mushure meHondo yeSomme, zvakakosha kubvuma kusimba uye simba rinoratidzwa nevanhu uye nzanga. Izvi zvakaitika apo vaitsvaga kugadzirisa hupenyu hwavo. Nharaunda dzakaungana kuti dzitsigirane, dzichiumba chisungo chaiporesa maronda ehondo. Iwo mavanga eSomme aizogara akaiswa mundangariro dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe. Dzakashanda sechiyeuchidzo chezvinotyisa zvehondo uye madikanwa kuvavarira rugare.
Mhedziso,
Mukupedzisa, Hondo yeSomme yakave nemhedzisiro yakakura uye inogara kune vese vanhu uye nzanga. Vapukunyuki munhandare yehondo vakanga vakaremerwa namavanga omuviri neendangariro ayo aizoumba nokusingaperi murangariro wavo woupenyu. Zvichakadaro, nzanga yakatarisana nekurasikirwa kukuru kwehupenyu, zvichikonzera kushungurudzika kwevanhu pamwe chete nekuchinja nharaunda. Kunyanguvezvo, vanhu vamwe navamwe nenzanga zvakafanana vakaratidzira kukwanisa kuvakazve nokuporesa mukutarisana nokuparadza. Iyo Somme ndangariro inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chinobaya mwoyo chekubatana kwakadzama pakati pevanhu nenzanga. Zvinotiyeuchidzawo nezvesimba risingadzimiki rehondo uye kukosha kwekukoshesa rugare.
Muchidimbu "Dzoka kubva kuSomme," iyo Somme inoreva dunhu riri mukati
France, kunyanya dhipatimendi reSomme mudunhu reHauts-de-France. Iyo inozivikanwa nekukosha kwayo kwenhoroondo senzvimbo yeimwe yehondo dzakafa muHondo Yenyika I, Hondo yeSomme. Hondo iyi yakaitika kubva munaChikunguru kusvika Mbudzi 1916.