Umhlathi oMfutshane kwi-G20 ngesiNgesi
I-G20, ekwaziwa njengeQela lamaShumi amabini, liqonga lezizwe ngezizwe elidibanisa awona mazwe ezoqoqosho aphambili ukuxoxa ngemiba yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Yasekwa ngo-1999, emva kobunzima bezemali base-Asiya, ngenjongo yokukhuthaza uzinzo lwezezimali lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nohlumo loqoqosho oluzinzileyo.
I-G20 inamazwe ali-19 kunye neManyano yaseYurophu, emele ngokudibeneyo malunga ne-90% ye-GDP yehlabathi kunye nesibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi. Amazwe angamalungu aquka iUnited States, iChina, iJapan, iJamani, iFransi, namanye amaninzi. Bakhethwa ngokusekelwe kubunzima bezoqoqosho kunye negalelo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ze-G20 kukukhuthaza ulungelelwaniso lomgaqo-nkqubo phakathi kwamalungu ayo. Eli qonga lisebenza njengeqonga leenkokeli nabaphathiswa bezemali ukuze baxoxe baze balungelelanise imiba eyahlukeneyo, efana namazinga otshintshiselwano, urhwebo, utyalo-mali, ulawulo lwezemali, amandla kunye nokutshintsha kwemozulu. Inika ithuba lokuba ezi zizwe zijongane nemingeni yezoqoqosho ngokudibeneyo kwaye zifumane izisombululo ezifanayo.
Omnye umba obalulekileyo we-G20 kukuzibophelela ekubandakanyeni wonke umntu. Ngaphandle kwamazwe angamalungu ayo, ikwathethathethana nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe, iiforam zengingqi, kwaye imema amazwe atyeleleyo ukuba enze ukumelwa okubanzi koqoqosho lwehlabathi. Oku kudityaniswa kuqinisekisa ukuba iimbono ezininzi ziyaqwalaselwa kwaye zibonakalisa ukuqondwa kweforam yokudibana koqoqosho kwihlabathi liphela.
I-G20 idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokusabela kwiingxaki. Ngexesha lentlekele yezemali ka-2008, iinkokeli ze-G20 zadibana ukuze zilungelelanise impendulo equka amanyathelo okuzinzisa inkqubo yezemali nokuvuselela ukukhula koqoqosho. Iforamu sele iqhubekile nokujongana nemiba efana noxinzelelo lwezorhwebo, idijithali, ukungalingani, kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo.
Elokuqukumbela, i-G20 liqonga elibalulekileyo elidibanisa uqoqosho oluphambili lwehlabathi ukuze kulungiswe imingeni yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngolungelelwaniso lomgaqo-nkqubo nobandakanyo, ijolise ekukhuthazeni uzinzo nokukhula okuzinzileyo. Indima ye-G20 ibalulekile ekujongeni imeko yezoqoqosho yanamhlanje entsonkothileyo kunye nokubumba ikamva loqoqosho lwehlabathi.
100 ILizwi G20 Isincoko ngesiNgesi
I-G20 liqonga lamazwe ngamazwe elibandakanya iinkokeli zehlabathi kunye neerhuluneli zebhanki ephakathi kumazwe ali-19 kunye neManyano yaseYurophu. Ijolise ekukhuthazeni uzinzo kuqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukukhula, nophuhliso ngokusebenzisa intsebenziswano kunye neengxoxo. Kwesi sincoko, ndiza kuchaza i-G20 ngamagama ali-100.
I-G20 isebenza njengeqonga apho iinkokeli zixoxa ngemiba ecinezelayo efana norhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe, ulawulo lwezimali, kunye nophuhliso lwehlabathi. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni i-ajenda yoqoqosho lwehlabathi nasekufuneni izisombululo kwimingeni echaphazela abantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngobulungu bayo obahlukeneyo, obumele malunga ne-80% ye-GDP yehlabathi, i-G20 inamandla okuphembelela imigaqo-nkqubo kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano kwimiba yezoqoqosho. Ngokukhuthaza iingxoxo kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezizwe, i-G20 isebenzela ukuqinisekisa ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo noluqukayo, ukukhuthaza uzinzo kwezemali, kunye nokulungisa imingeni yehlabathi efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu.
200 ILizwi G20 Isincoko ngesiNgesi
I-G20, ekwaziwa njengeQela laMashumi amabini, liqonga lezizwe ngezizwe elidibanisa awona mazwe aphambili ezoqoqosho ukuze axoxe kwaye alungelelanise imigaqo-nkqubo yezoqoqosho. Yasekwa ngo-1999 ukuphendula kwiingxaki zemali ekupheleni koo-1990, ngenjongo yokukhuthaza uzinzo nokukhula okuzinzileyo.
I-G20 inamazwe ngamanye ali-19, kuquka i-United States, i-China, iJamani, ne-Japan, kunye ne-European Union. Ngokudibeneyo, olu qoqosho lumele malunga nama-85% eGDP yehlabathi kunye nesibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi. Iqela likwamema amazwe eendwendwe kunye nemibutho ukuba ithathe inxaxheba kwiingxoxo zabo.
Ezona njongo ziphambili ze-G20 kukukhuthaza uzinzo kwezezimali kumazwe ngamazwe, ukomeleza intsebenziswano kuqoqosho, kunye nokulungisa imingeni yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Amalungu alo mbutho abamba iingqungquthela rhoqo, apho axoxa ngemiba eyahlukeneyo efana norhwebo, imali, ukutshintsha kwemozulu nophuhliso.
I-G20 idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekulungelelaniseni iimpendulo kwiingxaki zehlabathi. Ngexesha lentlekele yezemali ka-2008, umzekelo, amazwe angamalungu athatha amanyathelo ahlangeneyo ukuzinzisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokomeleza imithetho yezemali. Baphinde basungula amanyathelo okujongana nemingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokungalingani okugqithisileyo kwehlabathi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okubandakanyayo.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-G20 iye yandisa ingqwalasela yayo ukuze iquke neminye imiba ebalulekileyo efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Kwi-summit ye-2015 e-Antalya, eTurkey, iqela lamkela "iSicwangciso sokuSebenza seSimo sezulu se-G20 kunye namandla," esijolise ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwekhabhoni ephantsi kunye nokwandisa amandla okusebenza.
Abagxeki bathi i-G20 ayinalo ukuba semthethweni kwedemokhrasi kuba ibandakanya kuphela iqela elikhethiweyo lamazwe kwaye ingabandakanyi uqoqosho oluncinci oluninzi. Nangona kunjalo, abaxhasi bathi i-G20 ibonelela ngeqonga elikhawulezayo nelisebenzayo lolawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi kunamanye amaziko afana neZizwe eziManyeneyo okanye iNgxowa-mali yezeMali yaMazwe ngaMazwe.
350 ILizwi G20 Isincoko ngesiNgesi
I-G20: Ukunyanzeliswa kweNtsebenziswano yeHlabathi yokuPhumelela koQoqosho
IG20, okanye iQela lamashumi amabini, liquka awona mazwe makhulu ezoqoqosho, amele malunga nama-85% eGDP yehlabathi kunye nesibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi. Yasekwa ngo-1999, iG20 ijolise ekukhuthazeni uzinzo loqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nohlumo oluzinzileyo. Ukubaluleka kwayo kumandla entsebenziswano, njengoko idibanisa iinkokeli eziphuma kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukuze kulungiswe imiba ecinezela ihlabathi jikelele.
Enye yeengxoxo eziphambili ezixhasa i-G20 kukukwazi kwayo ukuququzelela iingxoxo kunye nentsebenziswano phakathi kwezizwe. Ngokubonelela ngeqonga lokutshintshiselana, i-G20 ikhuthaza iingxoxo ezakhayo, ezikhokelela kwizigqibo zomgaqo-nkqubo osebenzayo. Kwilizwe eliya likhula ngonxibelelwano, kubalulekile ukuba kubekho isixhobo esikhuthaza intsebenziswano kwezoqoqosho kunye nolungelelwaniso phakathi kwamazwe.
Ngaphezu koko, iG20 idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujonganeni nemingeni yehlabathi. Ngehlabathi elijongene nemiba entsonkothileyo efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukungalingani kwemivuzo, kunye neentlekele zemali, i-G20 inokusebenza njengesixhobo sokusebenza ngokubambisana. Ngokukhuthaza amalungu ayo ukuba asebenzisane, inokuvelisa izisombululo ezitsha ezilungisa le mingeni ngendlela epheleleyo.
Abagxeki banokuthi i-G20 liqonga elikhethekileyo elijongela phantsi indima yezinye izizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-G20 ngokucacileyo ifuna ukumela uluhlu olubanzi lwamazwe, kuquka noqoqosho olusakhulayo. Ngelixa ingezizo zonke izizwe ezinokuba yinxalenye yeli qela, i-G20 igcina ukuzinikela ekubandakanyekeni ngokuqhubekayo ngokuthethathethana ngokuqhubekayo namazwe angengomalungu kunye nokucela igalelo kwabachaphazelekayo abahlukeneyo.
Ukongeza, i-G20 ibe luncedo ekuzinziseni uqoqosho lwehlabathi ngamaxesha obunzima. Ukuwohloka kwezemali ngo-2008 ngumzekelo obalulekileyo, apho iG20 idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekuququzeleleni iinzame zokubuyisela ukuzithemba nokuthintela ukuwa ngokupheleleyo kwenkqubo yezemali yehlabathi. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kokuba neqonga lokuba iinkokeli zihlangane kwaye zenze iimpendulo ezikhawulezileyo kwiingxaki.
Ukuqukumbela, i-G20 ibonelela ngeqonga elixabisekileyo lokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yehlabathi. Isakhono sayo sokubonelela ngesithuba sengxoxo, ukulungisa imingeni yehlabathi, kunye nokuzinzisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi kuyenza ibe liziko elibalulekileyo kumhlaba wanamhlanje ontsokothileyo. Ngelixa uphuculo kunye nobandakanyo luyimfuneko, i-G20 isahleli ibalulekile ekukhuthazeni impumelelo yezoqoqosho kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela.
400 ILizwi G20 Isincoko in Hindi
I-G20, ekwaziwa njengeQela laMashumi amabini, liqonga lezizwe ngezizwe elibandakanya uqoqosho oluphambili lwehlabathi. Yasekwa ngo-1999, injongo yayo ephambili kukukhuthaza uzinzo loqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Esi sincoko siya kubonelela ngohlalutyo olucacileyo lwe-G20, luqaqambisa iinjongo zayo, imisebenzi, kunye nefuthe.
I-G20 idibanisa iinkokeli ezivela kumazwe ali-19, ezimele malunga nama-80% eGDP yehlabathi, kunye neManyano yaseYurophu. Amazwe angamalungu aquka uqoqosho olukhulu olufana neMelika, iJapan, iChina, kunye neJamani. Eli qonga lengxoxo libonelela ezi zizwe ngeqonga lokuxoxa ngemiba yezoqoqosho neyemali kunye nokusebenzisana ekujonganeni nemingeni yehlabathi.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zeG20 kukuzinzisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo alungelelanisiweyo, amazwe angamalungu ajolise ekuthinteleni iingxaki zoqoqosho, ukukhuthaza ukukhula, kunye nokujongana nobuthathaka kwezemali. Ngamaxesha obunzima bezoqoqosho, obufana nengxaki yemali yehlabathi ngowama-2008, iG20 idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqulunqeni nasekuphumezeni imilinganiselo edityanelweyo yokuvuselela uqoqosho nokubuyisela uzinzo lwezimali.
Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo we-G20 kukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ukuqaphela ukudityaniswa kwemingeni yezoqoqosho, yentlalo, kunye nendalo esingqongileyo, iforamu ikhuthaza amaqhinga okukhula okubandakanyayo kunye noxanduva lokusingqongileyo. Ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kwimiba efana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, utshintsho lwamandla, kunye nokuphelisa intlupheko.
Impembelelo yeG20 inabela ngaphaya kwamazwe angamalungu ayo. Njengeforamu emele uninzi loqoqosho lwehlabathi, izigqibo nezibophelelo ezenziwe yi-G20 zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwihlabathi. Izindululo kunye nezivumelwano zomgaqo-nkqubo ekufikelelwe kuzo kwiingqungquthela ze-G20 zibumba ulawulo loqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe kwaye zimisela i-ajenda yemigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi.
Ngaphaya koko, i-G20 ibonelela ngethuba leengxoxo kunye nothethathethwano namazwe angengomalungu kunye nemibutho yehlabathi. Imema amazwe eendwendwe kunye nemibutho kwiintlanganiso zayo ukuqinisekisa ukumelwa okubanzi kunye nokuqokelela iimbono ezahlukeneyo. Ngolu kufikelela eluntwini, i-G20 ikhuthaza ukubandakanywa kwaye ifuna igalelo kuluhlu olubanzi lwabachaphazelekayo.
Ukuqukumbela, i-G20 liqonga elibalulekileyo lokujongana nemingeni yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. Iinjongo zayo ziquka ukuzinzisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe, nokukhuthaza uhlumo oluqukayo. Njengeqonga leezoqoqosho ezinkulu ukuba zisebenzisane, izigqibo ze-G20 nezibophelelo zinefuthe elibonakalayo kulawulo loqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngokuzibandakanya namazwe angengomalungu kunye nemibutho, izama ukuqukana kunye nokumelwa okubanzi. Lilonke, i-G20 idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ubume boqoqosho lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokulungisa imiba ecinezelayo yoqoqosho nentlalo yexesha lethu.
500 ILizwi G20 Isincoko in Hindi
I-G20, ekwaziwa njengeQela laMashumi amabini, liqonga lezizwe ngezizwe elenziwe ngoqoqosho oluphambili lwehlabathi, kubandakanywa amazwe aphuhlileyo nasakhasayo. Yasekwa ngo-1999 ukulungisa imiba yoqoqosho lwehlabathi kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yezoqoqosho phakathi kwamalungu ayo. I-G20 inamazwe ali-19 kunye neManyano yaseYurophu, emele ngaphezu kwe-80% ye-GDP yehlabathi kunye nesibini kwisithathu sabemi behlabathi.
Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ze-G20 kukuxoxa nokulungelelanisa imigaqo-nkqubo enxulumene nezimali zamazwe ngamazwe kunye noqoqosho. Iintlanganiso ze-G20 zibonelela ngeqonga leenkokheli zehlabathi ukuba zihlangane kwaye zijongane nemingeni ecinezelayo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, efana nokuzinza kwezezimali, urhwebo, kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo. Ezi ngxoxo zibandakanya izihloko eziphambili ezifana nokungalingani kuqoqosho olukhulu, imigaqo-nkqubo yezemali neyezemali, kunye nohlaziyo lwezakhiwo.
Ukongeza kwimiba yezoqoqosho, i-G20 ikwagxile kweminye imingeni ecinezela ihlabathi jikelele, kuquka nokutshintsha kwemozulu, amandla kunye nophuhliso. Iforamu iyakuqaphela ukuthungelana kwehlabathi kunye nesidingo sentshukumo ehlangeneyo ukujongana nale miba intsonkothileyo. Ibe liqonga leenkokeli ukuba zibandakanyeke kwingxoxo, ukwabelana ngezona ndlela zilungileyo, kwaye zifune izisombululo ezifanayo kwiingxaki zehlabathi.
I-G20 ibonakaliswe ngobume bayo obuqukayo. Ukongeza kumalungu, iqonga limema amazwe eendwendwe kunye nabameli abavela kwimibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwiintlanganiso zabo. Oku kubandakanywa kuqinisekisa ukuba uluhlu olubanzi lweembono luyaqwalaselwa kwaye izigqibo ezenziweyo zibonisa ukuhlukahluka koluntu lwehlabathi.
Enye inkalo ephawulekayo ye-G20 kukuzibophelela kwayo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezisekelwe kwimvumelwano. Ngelixa iforamu ingenawo amandla asemthethweni okwenza izigqibo, amalungu ayo azama ukufikelela kwimvumelwano kwimiba ephambili. Le ndlela yokusebenza ikhuthaza intsebenziswano kwaye iqinisekisa ukuba i-G20 ihlala iliqonga elisebenzayo leengxoxo nentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe.
Kwiminyaka edlulileyo, i-G20 idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imigaqo-nkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ibe luncedo kakhulu ekulungelelaniseni iimpendulo kwiingxaki zemali, ukukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho, nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. I-G20 nayo ibe negalelo ekuqhubeni iinzame zokujongana nokutshintsha kwemozulu, okufana neSivumelwano saseParis, siqaqambisa ukubaluleka kwaso ngaphaya kwemiba yezoqoqosho.
Ukuqukumbela, i-G20 liqonga leengxoxo lamazwe ngamazwe elidibanisa uqoqosho oluphambili ukuze lixoxe kwaye lilungelelanise imigaqo-nkqubo kwimiba yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngendlela yayo equkayo nesekelwe kwimvumelwano, iG20 idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekujonganeni nemingeni yezoqoqosho, ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo, nokukhuthaza intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoko ihlabathi lisiya lidibana ngakumbi, ukubaluleka kunye neempembelelo ze-G20 kulindeleke ukuba zikhule, nto leyo eyenza ibe liqonga elibalulekileyo lolawulo lwehlabathi.