Xoxa noRussell Uphikisa Imfundo Yokulawulwa Kwezwe
URussell Uphikisa Ukulawulwa Kombuso Kwezemfundo
Ezweni lezemfundo, umuntu uthola imibono eyahlukene mayelana neqhaza elikahle lombuso. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi umbuso kufanele ube nomthelela omkhulu ezikhungweni zemfundo, kanti abanye bakholelwa ekungeneleleni kombuso okulinganiselwe. UBertrand Russell, isazi sefilosofi esidumile saseBrithani, isazi sezibalo, nongqondongqondo, uwela esigabeni sakamuva. URussell umelene ngokuqinile nokulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo, enikeza impikiswano eqinile esekelwe ekubalulekeni kwenkululeko engokwengqondo, izidingo ezihlukahlukene zabantu ngabanye, kanye namandla okufundiswa.
Okokuqala nje, uRussell ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwenkululeko engokwengqondo emfundweni. Uphikisa ngokuthi ukulawula kombuso kuvame ukukhawulela ukwehlukahlukana kwemibono futhi kuvimbele ukukhula kobuhlakani. NgokukaRussell, imfundo kufanele ikhulise ukucabanga okujulile kanye nomqondo ovulekile, okungenzeka kuphela endaweni engenazo izimfundiso ezibekwe uhulumeni. Lapho umbuso ulawula imfundo, unamandla okunquma ikharikhulamu, ukhethe izincwadi, futhi ube nomthelela ekuqashweni kothisha. Ukulawula okunjalo kuvame ukuholela endleleni enomqondo omncane, okuvimbela ukuhlola nokuthuthukiswa kwemibono emisha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRussell ugcizelela ukuthi abantu bayahluka ngezidingo zabo zemfundo kanye nezifiso zabo. Ngokulawulwa kombuso, kunengozi engokwemvelo yokumiswa, lapho imfundo iba uhlelo olulingana konke. Le ndlela ishaya indiva iqiniso lokuthi abafundi banamakhono ahlukile, izinto abazithandayo, nezindlela zokufunda. URussell uphakamisa ukuthi uhlelo lwemfundo olusabalalise, olunezikhungo zemfundo ezehlukene ezibhekelela izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, lungasebenza kangcono ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi wonke umuntu uthola imfundo evumelana nekhono lakhe kanye nezifiso zabo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRussell uzwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi ukulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo kungaholela ekufundiseni. Uphikisa ngokuthi ohulumeni bavame ukusebenzisa imfundo ukuze bathuthukise imibono yabo noma izinhloso zabo, balolonge izingqondo zentsha ukuba zivumelane nombono othile wezwe. Lo mkhuba ucindezela ukucabanga okujulile futhi ukhawulela ukuchayeka kwabafundi emibonweni eyahlukene. URussell uphikelela ngokuthi imfundo kufanele ihlose ukukhuthaza ukucabanga okuzimele kunokuba ifundise abantu ngezinkolelo zesigaba esibusayo.
Ngokuphambene nokulawulwa kombuso, uRussell umela isistimu enikeza inhlobonhlobo yezinketho zemfundo, njengezikole ezizimele, imfundo yasekhaya, noma imizamo esekelwe emphakathini. Ukholelwa ukuthi le ndlela yokwehlukaniswa kwabantu ingavumela ukusungulwa okusha, ukwehlukahlukana, kanye nenkululeko yobuhlakani. Ngokukhuthaza ukuncintisana nokukhetha, uRussell uthi imfundo izosabela kakhulu ezidingweni zabafundi, abazali, nomphakathi uwonke.
Ekuphetheni, ukuphikisa kukaBertrand Russell ekulawuleni imfundo kukahulumeni kubangelwa ukukholelwa kwakhe ekubalulekeni kwenkululeko engokwengqondo, izidingo ezihlukahlukene zabantu ngabanye, kanye nethuba lokufundiswa. Uphikisa ngokuthi imfundo akufanele ilawulwe nguhulumeni kuphela, ngoba ikhawulela ukukhula kwengqondo, ishaya indiva ukuhlukana kwabantu ngabanye, futhi ingase ikhuthaze umbono omncane womhlaba. URussell ukhuthaza uhlelo lokwahlukaniswa kwabantu olunikeza izinketho ezihlukahlukene zemfundo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi inkululeko yengqondo nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye ziyahlangatshezwa. Nakuba impikiswano yakhe idale izinkulumo-mpikiswano, isenegalelo elikhulu enkulumweni eqhubekayo mayelana neqhaza lombuso kwezemfundo.
Isihloko: URussell Uphikisa Imfundo Yokulawulwa Kombuso
Isingeniso:
Imfundo idlala indima ebalulekile ekubumbeni abantu nemiphakathi. Inkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nokulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo kade yaba yisihloko sengxabano, sinemibono ehlukene ngezinzuzo zayo kanye nezithiyo. Omunye ovelele omelene nokulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani esidumile uBertrand Russell. Le ndaba izohlola umbono kaRussell futhi ixoxe ngezizathu ezabangela ukuba aphikisane nokulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo.
Inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwengqondo:
Okokuqala nokubaluleke kakhulu, uRussell ukholelwa ukuthi ukulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo kuphazamisa inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuthuthuka kwengqondo. Uthi ohlelweni lwezemfundo olulawulwa wuhulumeni, ikharikhulamu ivamise ukwakhelwa ukufeza izidingo zombuso, kunokuba kugqugquzelwe abafundi ukuthi bathuthukise amakhono abo okucabanga okujulile futhi bahlole imibono nemibono eminingi.
I-Censorship kanye ne-indoctrination:
Esinye isizathu esenza uRussell aphikisane namathuba okuba ahlolwe futhi afundiswe emfundweni elawulwa uhulumeni. Ugomela ngokuthi uma umbuso usulawula lokho okufundiswayo, kuba nengozi yokuchema, ukucindezelwa kwemibono ephikisanayo, nokugxiliswa kombono owodwa ovelele. Lokhu, ngokukaRussell, kwenqabela abafundi ithuba lokuthuthukisa umcabango ozimele futhi kuthiya ukuphishekela iqiniso.
Ukumisa nokuvumelana:
URussell uphinde agxeke ukulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo ngokugqugquzela ukumiswa nokuvumelana. Uphikisa ngokuthi izinhlelo zemfundo ezimaphakathi zivame ukuphoqelela ukufana ezindleleni zokufundisa, ikharikhulamu, nezinqubo zokuhlola. Lokhu kufana kungase kukhinyabeze ukusungula, ukusungula, kanye namakhono ahlukile omfundi ngamunye, njengoba bephoqelekile ukuthi bahambisane nezinga elinqunywe kusengaphambili.
Ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko nezenhlalo:
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRussell ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlukahluka kwamasiko nezenhlalo kwezemfundo. Uphikisa ngokuthi uhlelo lwemfundo olulawulwa nguhulumeni luvamise ukungazinaki izidingo, izimiso, namasiko emiphakathi eyahlukene. URussell ukholelwa ukuthi imfundo kufanele ihambisane nezidingo ezithile zemiphakathi ehlukahlukene ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuqwashisa ngamasiko, ukubandakanywa, kanye nokuhlonipha imibono eyahlukene.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwentando yeningi kanye nokuzibusa:
Okokugcina, uRussell uphikisa ngokuthi uhlelo lwemfundo olungalawulwa nguhulumeni lusiza ukubamba iqhaza kwentando yeningi kanye nokuzibusa. Ngokumela ukuzimela kwezemfundo, ukholelwa ukuthi imiphakathi nezikhungo zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ezinqumweni zemfundo, okuholela ohlelweni olubonisa izidingo nezindinganiso zendawo. Indlela enjalo ikhuthaza ukuba yisakhamuzi esisebenzayo kanye nokufukula emiphakathini.
Isiphetho:
U-Bertrand Russell wayemelene nokulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngenkululeko yomuntu ngamunye, ukucwaninga, ukufundiswa, ukumiswa, ukuhlukahluka kwamasiko, nokubamba iqhaza kwentando yeningi. Wayekholelwa ukuthi uhlelo olukhululekile ekulawuleni umbuso luzovumela ukuthuthukiswa kokucabanga okujulile, ukuzimela kobuhlakani, ukuqwashisa ngamasiko, nokuzibandakanya kwentando yeningi. Nakuba isihloko sokulawulwa kombuso kwezemfundo siseyisihloko senkulumo-mpikiswano eqhubekayo, imibono kaRussell inikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile mayelana nezithiyo ezingase zibe khona zokubeka endaweni eyodwa futhi igcizelela ukubaluleka kokugqugquzela ukubamba kwabantu ngabanye, ukuhlukahluka, nokubamba iqhaza kwentando yeningi phakathi kwezinhlelo zemfundo.