Indaba Emayelana Neqhaza Lokuvukela Kwesizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko Yekilasi 5 & 6
Isihloko: Iqhaza Lokuvukela Kwezizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko
Isingeniso:
Umzabalazo wenkululeko waseNdiya phakathi neminyaka yesi-5 nowesi-6 wafakaza izinhlobo ezahlukene zokumelana nombuso wamakoloni waseBrithani. Nakuba izinhlangano zezombangazwe ezifana nokungasebenzisani nokungalaleli komphakathi zibambe iqhaza elibalulekile, ukuvukela kwezizwe nakho kwavela njengamandla abalulekile ekulweleni inkululeko. Le ndatshana icubungula indima echazayo yokuvukelwa kwezizwe emzabalazweni wenkululeko, igqamisa amagalelo nomthelela wazo.
Tribal ukuvukela umbuso kwakugxile kakhulu ezikhalweni nasemizabalazweni yemiphakathi yomdabu ngokumelene nokuxhashazwa nokucindezelwa kwamaNgisi. Lezi zibhelu zenzeke kakhulu ezifundeni ezibuswa yizizwe ezifana ne-Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, ne-Odisha. Izizwe, njengoba zihlukunyezwe kanzima umhlaba, ukugetshengwa kwamahlathi, nezinqubomgomo zokuxhaphaza, zaphoqeleka ukuba zithathe izikhali njengendlela yokumelana.
Ukuvukela kwezizwe kwanikeza inselele enkulu kuziphathimandla zaseBrithani, njengoba zaphazamisa ukubusa nokuphatha kwazo. Izizwe, ezazidume ngolwazi ngendawo yendawo, zasebenzisa amaqhinga empi yabashokobezi, okwenza kwaba nzima ngamaNgisi ukucindezela ukunyakaza kwawo. Ukuvukela umbuso kwasiza futhi ekudaleni umoya wokwesaba nokungakhululeki phakathi kwamabutho amaNgisi, kwaba nomthelela ezinqubweni zawo zokuthatha izinqumo.
Ukwengeza, ukuvukela kwezizwe kwadala umphumela omubi, kwakhuthaza futhi kwathola ukwesekwa kwabanye abalweli benkululeko. Abaholi abanjengoBirsa Munda eJharkhand kanye noRani Durgavati eMadhya Pradesh bahlanganisa ngempumelelo futhi bahlanganisa izizwe ezifundeni ezahlukene ngokumelene nesitha esivamile. Lobu bunye bukhombise amandla nokuqina kwemiphakathi yendabuko ekulweleni ubulungisa nenkululeko.
Isiphetho:
Ukuvukelwa kwezizwe kwaba nomthelela omkhulu emzabalazweni wenkululeko phakathi neminyaka yesi-5 no-6. Akugcinanga nje ngokubeka inselele eqondile ekubuseni kwamaNgisi kodwa futhi kwabonisa umoya wokunganqotshwa wabantu baseNdiya ekufuneni kwabo inkululeko. Iqhaza lemibhikisho yezizwe emzabalazweni wenkululeko kufanele yaziswe futhi yamukelwe njengesahluko esibalulekile ohambweni lwaseNdiya olubheke ekukhululweni kubukoloni bamaNgisi.
Indaba Emayelana Neqhaza Lokuvukela Kwesizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko Yekilasi 7 & 8
Isihloko: Iqhaza Lokuvukela Kwezizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko: Iminyaka yesi-7 no-8
Isingeniso
Umzabalazo wenkululeko eNdiya phakathi neminyaka yesi-7 no-8 yabona isici esibalulekile esivame ukunganakwa ezindabeni ezilandisayo—indima yokuvukela kwezizwe. Lokhu kuvukelana kwakumela uhlobo lokumelana nengcindezelo yamakholoni, okwaba nesandla kakhulu ekulweleni okukhulu kwenkululeko. Le mibhalo izohlola umthelela kanye nokubaluleka kokuvukelana kwezizwe emzabalazweni wenkululeko.
Ukuvukelwa kwezizwe kwadlala indima ebalulekile emzabalazweni wenkululeko waseNdiya phakathi neminyaka yesi-7 no-8, kwaphonsela inselelo umbuso wamaNgisi ezweni. Lezi zibhelu zazivame ukuqubuka ngenxa yokuxhashazwa kanye nokubukelwa phansi kwemiphakathi yezizwe ngaphansi kombuso wamakoloni. AboHlanga, okwase kuyisikhathi eside begcina ubunjalo babo nendlela yokuphila ehlukile, bathola amalungelo abo ephulwa futhi izindawo zabo zathathwa ngamaNgisi.
Ukuphikiswa kwemiphakathi yezizwe kwathatha izindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa imibhikisho yezikhali, ukuvukela umbuso nokuvukela umbuso. I-Santhal Rebellion yango-1855, eyayiholwa yisizwe samaSanthal eJharkhand yanamuhla naseWest Bengal, kwakungenye yezibhelu ezivelele. AmaSanthal alwa ngesibindi namaNgisi, eqokomisa ukuzimisela kwawo ukuvikela isiko, amasiko, nezwe lawokhokho. Lokhu kuvukela kwaba inguquko futhi kwagqugquzela abanye ukuba bavukele abacindezeli bamakoloni.
Ukuvukela kwezizwe nakho kwaba ugqozi kwabashisekeli bobuzwe baseNdiya, ababona intshiseko eqinile nokuqina kwemiphakathi yezizwe. Abaholi abanjengoMahatma Gandhi kanye noJawaharlal Nehru bakubonile ukubaluleka kwalokhu kuvukela umbuso, okuhlanganisa nezindaba zezizwe ohlelweni olukhulu lwenhlangano yenkululeko. Ukubambisana phakathi kwabalweli benkululeko abakhulu kanye namavukelambuso ezizwe kwaqinisa umzabalazo wonke wokulwa nombuso wamaNgisi.
Isiphetho
Sengiphetha, ukuvukela umbuso kwadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emzabalazweni wenkululeko waseNdiya phakathi neminyaka yesi-7 no-8. Lokhu kuvukela kwakufanekisela ukumelana nokucindezela kwamakholoni futhi kwaba nesandla ekufukuleni kwenkululeko. Ngokuqokomisa ukubaluleka kwamalungelo ezizwe, ukuvukela kwaletha ukunaka ezinhlobonhlobo zesizwe futhi kwaba nesandla ekubumbeni i-India ebumbene eyazisa futhi yabungaza amagugu ayo anothile amasiko.
Indaba Emayelana Neqhaza Lokuvukela Kwesizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko Yekilasi 9 & 10
Isihloko: Iqhaza Lemibhikisho Yezizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko:
Isingeniso:
Umzabalazo wenkululeko waseNdiya wazibonela ngawakhe ukunyakaza nokuvukela umbuso okwaba neqhaza elikhulu ekutholeni inkululeko. Iqhaza elibanjwa yizidubedube zezizwe emzabalazweni livamise ukushaywa indiva. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuveza umthelela lokhu kuvukela umbuso okwaba nawo ekulweni nobukoloni bamaNgisi, kugcizelela amandla epeni ekuletheni uguquko.
Ukuvukela kwezizwe ngesikhathi somzabalazo wenkululeko kwabhebhethekiswa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuxhashazwa kwezomnotho, ukuxoshwa ezindaweni zabo, nokucindezelwa kwamasiko. Le miphakathi eyayincishwe amathuba, ehlala ezindaweni ezikude zezwe, yathinteka kakhulu yizinqubomgomo zaseBrithani kanye nokuqaliswa kwemithetho engalungile. Ukuthatha izikhali ngokumelene nokubusa kwengcindezelo kwakuyinkambo yemvelo yalezi zizwe.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi kanye nokumelana nezikhali, abaholi bezizwe nezishoshovu babekuqonda ukubaluleka kwegama elibhaliwe. Amandla epeni asetshenziswa ukugqamisa izikhalo zabo futhi bathole ukwesekwa koquqaba. Le mibhalo yadlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekudluliseleni imizabalazo ebhekene nemiphakathi yezizwe emphakathini waseNdiya kanye nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe.
Abaholi bezizwe eziningana kanye nezihlakaniphi zamukele izincwadi, izinkondlo, nobuntatheli ukuze bazwakalise ukukhathazeka kwabo mayelana nokubusa kwamakholoni. Babhala phansi okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, bebonisa ukuxhashazwa nokungabi nabulungisa abantu babo ababhekana nakho. Ngamaphephandaba, amapheshana, nezinkondlo, bahlanganisa ngokuphumelelayo ukusekelwa phakathi kwamaNdiya akubo, besakaza ukuqwashisa ngosizi lwezizwe zabo.
Isiphetho:
Igalelo lemibhikisho yezizwe emzabalazweni wenkululeko waseNdiya alinakubukelwa phansi. Ngenkathi inkemba imelela ukumelana nezikhali, ipeni lavela njengethuluzi elinamandla, elisebenza njenge-catalyst yenguquko. Imibhalo yabaholi bezizwe yaveza usizi lwemiphakathi yabo futhi yasiza ekulolongeni umbono womphakathi ngokumelene nokubusa kwamakoloni. Lezi zibhelu kanye nezinkulumo zazo ezibhalwe phansi kwabeka isisekelo sokuthola inkululeko yesizwe ekugcineni.
Kuphoqelekile ukuthi indima yemiphakathi yaboHlanga emzabalazweni wenkululeko yaziswe futhi yaziswe. Ngokufunda imibhalo yabo kanye nezindaba ezilandiswayo, asigcini nje ngokufunda ngokuzinikela kwabo kodwa futhi siyaqonda ukubaluleka kwamandla epeni ekuguquleni imiphakathi. Amandla epeni asikhombisile ukuthi nabancishwe amathuba bangaba neqhaza elikhulu ekufuneni ubulungisa nenkululeko.
Indaba Emayelana Neqhaza Lokuvukela Kwesizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko Yekilasi 11 & 12
Isihloko: Iqhaza Lokuvukela Kwezizwe Emzabalazweni Wenkululeko:
Isingeniso
Ukuvukelwa kwezizwe kwadlala indima enkulu emzabalazweni wenkululeko yamaNdiya phakathi neminyaka ka-1911 no-1912. Le ndaba ihlola igalelo lemiphakathi yezizwe ekulweni nobukoloni bamaNgisi. Iphinde ihlole ukuthi ukubandakanyeka kwabo kuhlangana kanjani nombono wokuthi ipeni linamandla amakhulu kunenkemba ekwenzeni ushintsho.
Ukuvukela kwezizwe eNdiya phakathi kuka-1911 no-1912 kwabonakala ngomoya onamandla wokumelana nokumelana nokubusa kwamaNgisi. Izizwe ezihlukahlukene ezweni lonke, njengamaSanthal, amaBhils, namaGond, zavukela izinqubomgomo ezicindezelayo ezazibekwe abaphathi bamaNgisi. Lokhu kuvukela umbuso kwabangelwa izimo zezomnotho ezinzima, ukungenwa kwezizwe zezizwe, nokuphikwa kwamalungelo ayisisekelo.
Imiphakathi yezizwe yahlangana isebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubhikisha ezinokuthula, njengamapheshana, izicelo, nokusabalalisa ulwazi. Basebenzisa amandla ezwi elibhaliwe ukuze badlulise izikhalo zabo futhi bahlanganise isizathu sabo ngokumelene nababusi baseBrithani.
Umthelela wale mizamo yokubhala wawumkhulu kakhulu. Ukusatshalaliswa kolwazi ngamapheshana nezikhalazo kwavusa ubumbano phakathi kwemiphakathi yezizwe futhi kwakhuthaza nabanye abaningi ukuba bahlanganyele ekulweleni inkululeko. Ulwazi mayelana nonya olwenziwa amandla obukoloni lwafinyelela uquqaba, lwavusa umuzwa wobuzwe futhi lwabanxusa ukuba bathathe isinyathelo ngokumelene nombuso wengcindezelo.
Isiphetho
Ukuvukela kwezizwe phakathi neminyaka ka-1911 no-1912 kwadlala indima ebalulekile emzabalazweni wenkululeko waseNdiya. Ngokusebenzisa amandla ezwi elibhaliwe, lemiphakathi yaphonsela inselele futhi yamelana ne-imperialism yamaNgisi. Lezi zenzakalo ziwubufakazi benkolelo yokuthi ipeni, ngokusatshalaliswa kolwazi nemibono, linamandla amakhulu ekubumbeni umlando nasekuqhubekiseni izinguquko.
Good