Ubomi bukaGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wazalwa ngoSeptemba 5, 1888, kwidolophana yaseThiruttani kuBongameli baseMadras yaseBritish India (ngoku eseTamil Nadu, eIndiya). Wayephuma kwikhaya eliphantsi, uyise eligosa lengeniso. URadhakrishnan wayenxanelwe ulwazi kwasebuncinaneni bakhe. Wagqwesa kwizifundiswa waza wafumana isidanga seMastazi kwiPhilosofi kwiMadras Christian College. Uqhubele phambili nezifundo ezithe kratya kwiDyunivesithi yaseMadras waze wafumana isidanga sakhe sobuGcisa kwisifundo seFilosofi. Ngowe-1918, wamiselwa njengonjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yaseMysore, apho wayefundisa intanda-bulumko. Iimfundiso nemibhalo yakhe yabangela ukuba abantu banikele ingqalelo, yaye kungekudala waduma njengesithandi sobulumko esiphambili. Ngo-1921, wajoyina iYunivesithi yaseCalcutta njengoNjingalwazi wePhilosofi. Intanda-bulumko kaRadhakrishnan yayidibanisa izithethe zaseMpuma nezaseNtshona. Wayekholelwa ekubalulekeni kokuqonda nokuxabisa iimbono ezahlukeneyo zefilosofi ukuze afumane imbono yehlabathi ebanzi. Imisebenzi yakhe kwifilosofi yaseIndiya yafumana ukuqondwa kumazwe ngamazwe kwaye yambeka njengegunya kulo mbandela. Ngowe-1931, uRadhakrishnan wamenywa ukuba anikele uthotho lweentetho kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford. Ezi ntetho, zinesihloko esithi "IiNtetho zeHibbert," zapapashwa kamva njengencwadi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Indian Philosophy." Ezi ntetho zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwaziseni intanda-bulumko yamaIndiya kwihlabathi laseNtshona kwaye zanceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kweengcinga zaseMpuma nezaseNtshona. Ngowe-1946, uRadhakrishnan waba nguSekela-Chancellor weYunivesithi yaseAndhra. Ugxininise ekuphuculeni umgangatho wemfundo, ukukhuthaza uphando, nokuphucula ikharityhulam. Imizamo yakhe ikhokelele kwinkqubela phambili ebonakalayo kwimigangatho yemfundo yaseyunivesithi. Ngowe-1949, uRadhakrishnan wamiselwa njengonozakuzaku waseIndiya kwiSoviet Union. Umele iIndiya ngesidima esikhulu kwaye wenza nobudlelwane bozakuzo namanye amazwe. Emva kokusebenza njengonozakuzaku, wonyulwa njengoSekela Mongameli waseIndiya ngo-1952. Wasebenza amaxesha amabini alandelelanayo, ukusuka ku-1952 ukuya ku-1962. Ngo-1962, uRadhakrishnan waba nguMongameli wesibini waseIndiya, elandela uGqr Rajendra Prasad. NjengoMongameli, wagxila ekukhuthazeni imfundo nenkcubeko. Waseka iKomishoni yezeMfundo yeSizwe ukuze izise iinguqu kwinkqubo yemfundo yaseIndiya. Ukwabethelele imfuneko yoxolo nomanyano phakathi koluntu olwahlukileyo lwenkolo nenkcubeko eIndiya. Emva kokugqiba ixesha lakhe njengoMongameli ngo-1967, uRadhakrishnan wayeka umhlala phantsi kwezopolitiko kodwa waqhubeka nokuba negalelo kwizifundiswa. Ufumene amawonga amaninzi kunye newonga ngegalelo lakhe lobukrelekrele, kubandakanya neBharat Ratna, elona bhaso liphezulu loluntu eIndiya. UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wasweleka ngoAprili 17, 1975, eshiya ngasemva ilifa elihlala lihleli njengentanda-bulumko edumileyo, inkokeli yaseburhulumenteni, nenkokeli enombono. Ukhunjulwa njengomnye wezona ngcinga kunye nezifundiswa zaseIndiya eziye zadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni isimo semfundo nefilosofi yelizwe.
Imigca ye-10 kuDkt. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan ngesiNgesi.
- UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wayesisithandi sobulumko esibalaseleyo saseIndiya, igosa likarhulumente nomfundisi-ntsapho.
- Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 5, 1888, eThiruttani, eTamil Nadu, eIndiya.
- URadhakrishnan udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni imigaqo-nkqubo yezemfundo yaseIndiya njengoSihlalo weKhomishini yesiBonelelo seYunivesithi.
- WayenguSekela Mongameli wokuqala (1952-1962) kunye noMongameli wesibini (1962-1967) we-India ezimeleyo.
- Ifilosofi kaRadhakrishnan yayidibanisa izithethe zaseMpuma nezaseNtshona, kwaye imisebenzi yakhe kwifilosofi yaseIndiya yafumana ukuqondwa kwihlabathi jikelele.
- Ubethelele ukubaluleka kwemfundo njengendlela yokukhuthaza uluntu olunovelwano nobulungisa ngakumbi.
- URadhakrishnan wayengumthetheleli omkhulu wemvisiswano yeenkolo kunye nengxoxo phakathi kweenkolo neenkcubeko ezahlukeneyo.
- Igalelo lakhe lobukrelekrele limenze wafumana iwonga elininzi, kuquka neBharat Ratna, elona wonga liphezulu loluntu eIndiya.
- Wasweleka ngomhla we-17 kuTshazimpuzi ka-1975, eshiya ngasemva ilifa elityebileyo legalelo lengqondo nezopolitiko.
- UDkt Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan uyaqhubeka ekhunjulwa njengenkokeli enombono owenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuluntu lwaseIndiya kunye nefilosofi.
Umzobo wobomi kunye negalelo likaGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan?
UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wayesisithandi sobulumko esibalaseleyo saseIndiya, igosa likarhulumente kunye nomfundisi-ntsapho. Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 5, 1888, kwidolophana yaseThiruttani kwi-Madras Presidency yaseBritish India (ngoku eyiTamil Nadu, eIndiya). URadhakrishnan uqhubele phambili nemfundo yakhe eMadras Christian College, apho wagqwesa khona kwizifundo waze wafumana isidanga seMasters kwiFilosofi. Uqhubele phambili nezifundo zakhe kwiDyunivesithi yaseMadras, wafumana isidanga soBugcisa kwiFilosofi. Ngowe-1918, uRadhakrishnan wajoyina iYunivesithi yaseMysore njengonjingalwazi wefilosofi. Iimfundiso nezinto awayezibhala zaye zamkelwa, nto leyo eyayimenza isithandi sobulumko esiphambili. Kamva, ngowe-1921, waba ngunjingalwazi wentanda-bulumko kwiYunivesithi yaseCalcutta. Imisebenzi yefilosofi kaRadhakrishnan yayinempembelelo enkulu kwaye yanceda ukuvala umsantsa phakathi kwezithethe zefilosofi zaseMpuma naseNtshona. Ngowe-1931, wanikela ungcelele lweentetho kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford, ezaziwa ngokuba yi “The Hibbert Lectures,” ezathi kamva zapapashwa njengencwadi ethi “Indian Philosophy.” Lo msebenzi wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwaziseni intanda-bulumko yamaIndiya kumazwe aseNtshona. Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, uRadhakrishnan wagxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhuthaza imfundo kunye nemilinganiselo. Usebenze njengeSekela-Ngqonyela yeYunivesithi yaseAndhra ngo-1946, esebenzela ekuphuculeni imigangatho yemfundo nokuphucula ikharityhulamu. Ngowe-1949, uRadhakrishnan wamiselwa njengonozakuzaku waseIndiya kwiSoviet Union. Umele iIndiya ngobabalo kwaye wakhuthaza ubudlelwane bezozakuzo namanye amazwe. Emva kokuba ngunozakuzaku, wonyulwa njengoSekela Mongameli waseIndiya ngo-1952 kwaye wasebenza izihlandlo ezibini zilandelelana. Ngowe-1962, uRadhakrishnan waba nguMongameli wesibini we-Indiya ezimeleyo, elandela uGqr Rajendra Prasad. Ngexesha lobongameli bakhe, wayikhuthaza ngenkuthalo imfundo nenkcubeko. Waseka iKomishoni yezeMfundo yeSizwe ukuba iguqule kwaye iphakamise inkqubo yemfundo yaseIndiya. U-Radhakrishnan wakuthethelela ngamandla ukubaluleka kwemfundo ekukhuthazeni uluntu olunobudlelwane nobulungisa. Emva kokugqiba ixesha lakhe njengoMongameli ngo-1967, u-Radhakrishnan wayeka umhlala-phantsi kwizopolitiko ezisebenzayo kodwa waqhubeka esenza igalelo lengqondo. Ulwazi lwakhe olukhulu kunye nokuqonda kwentanda-bulumko kuye kwamenza waziwa kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye wafumana iimbasa ezininzi kunye newonga, kubandakanya neBharat Ratna, elona bhaso liphezulu labemi baseIndiya. Igalelo likaGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan kwintanda-bulumko, kwimfundo nakwizozakuzo lalibalulekile. Udlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni intanda-bulumko yamaIndiya, iingxoxo ngeenkolo ngeemvaba, kunye nohlaziyo lwezemfundo eIndiya. Namhlanje, ukhunjulwa njengenkokeli enombono eyayikholelwa kumandla emfundo ukubumba ihlabathi elingcono.
Umhla wokubhubha kukaGqr Radhakrishnan?
UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wasweleka ngoAprili 17, 1975.
Amagama kayise kunye nomama kaGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan?
Igama likatata kaGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan yayinguSarvepalli Veeraswami kwaye igama likanina yayinguSitamma.
UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan waziwa njenge?
Waziwa kakhulu njengentanda-bulumko ebekekileyo, igosa laseburhulumenteni, kunye nengcali yezemfundo. URadhakrishnan usebenze njengoSekela Mongameli waseIndiya ukusuka ngo-1952 ukuya ku-1962 waza waba nguMongameli wesibini waseIndiya ukusuka ngo-1962 ukuya ku-1967. uninzi lweengcinga ezinempembelelo.
Indawo yokuzalwa kaGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan?
UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wazalelwa kwidolophana yase-Thiruttani kwi-Ofisi kaMongameli wase-Madras yase-Bhritane yase-India, ngoku ikwilizwe laseTamil Nadu, eIndiya.
Umhla wokuzalwa nokufa kukaGqr Radhakrishnan?
UGqr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan wazalwa ngoSeptemba 5, 1888, waza wafa ngo-Aprili 17, 1975.