Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo Isincoko 100 Amagama
Imidlalo, edla ngokunxulunyaniswa nemincili nemincili, maxa wambi inokujika ibe ziintlekele ezingalindelekanga. Enoba kungenxa yokungakhathali, imozulu embi, ukusilela kwezixhobo, okanye iingozi ezilishwa, iintlekele kwezemidlalo zinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Omnye umzekelo onjalo yintlekele yaseLe Mans yowe-1955, apho ingozi enkulu ebudeni bogqatso lokunyamezela iiyure ezingama-24 yaphumela ekufeni kwababukeli abangama-84 nomqhubi uPierre Levegh. Esinye isiganeko esiphawulekayo luhlaselo lwabanqolobi kwi-Olimpiki yaseMunich yowe-1972, eyakhokelela ekufeni kwabadlali abali-11 bakwaSirayeli. Ezi ntlekele zisebenza njengezikhumbuzo zeengozi ezinokubakho kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nemisitho yezemidlalo. Bagxininisa imfuneko yamanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo kunye nokuhlala bephaphile kwihlabathi lezemidlalo ukuthintela iziganeko ezibuhlungu ukuba zenzeke.
Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo Isincoko 150 Amagama
Ngamathub’ athile, imidlalo iye yonakaliswa ziintlekele ebezingalindelekanga ezigungqisa iziseko zezemidlalo. Ezi ziganeko zibonisa ukuba sesichengeni kweembaleki, ababukeli, kunye neziseko ezixhasa imisebenzi yazo. Esi sincoko sijolise ukubonelela ngengxelo echazayo yeentlekele ezithile eziphawulekayo kwimbali yezemidlalo, ukuhlola impembelelo ababenayo kubathathi-nxaxheba, uluntu, kunye nombono jikelele wezemidlalo njengento ekhuselekileyo neyonwabisayo.
- IiOlimpiki zaseMunich Ukubulala ye1972:
- Intlekele Yebala laseHillsborough ngowe-1989:
- Isehlo seMauna Loa Volcano ngexesha le-Ironman Triathlon:
Isiphelo:
Iintlekele kwezemidlalo zinokuchaphazela ngokunzulu kungekuphela nje iimbaleki ezibandakanyekileyo kodwa kwanabalandeli, abaququzeleli kunye noluntu ngokubanzi. Iziganeko eziyintlekele zibangele ukuphuculwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko, eqinisekisa ukuba izifundo ziyafundwa kwaye ziphunyezwe ngenkathalo enkulu. Nangona ezi ntlekele zivusa amaxesha eentlekele, zikwasebenza njengezikhumbuzo zokubaluleka kokulungela kunye nokuqapha, ekugqibeleni zenza imidlalo ikhuseleke kuwo wonke umntu ochaphazelekayo.
Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo Isincoko 200 Amagama
Ezemidlalo kudala zijongwa njengomthombo wokuzonwabisa, ukhuphiswano namandla. Nangona kunjalo, kukho amaxesha apho izinto zingahambi kakuhle, ezikhokelela kwiintlekele ezishiya impembelelo engapheliyo kubadlali, abalandeli kunye nehlabathi lezemidlalo lilonke. Ezi ntlekele zinokwenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekuweni kwebala ukuya kwiingozi ezimbi ebaleni.
Omnye umzekelo ombi yintlekele yaseHillsborough eyenzeka kumdlalo owandulela owamagqibela kankqoyi weNdebe yeFA ngowe-1989 eSheffield, eNgilani. Ngenxa yokuxinana nokungakhuseleki ngokwaneleyo kwebala lemidlalo, ingozi yenzeke kwenye yeendawo zokumisa, yakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangama-96 kwaza kwenzakalisa amakhulu abanye. Le ntlekele ibangele uhlengahlengiso olukhulu kwimithetho yokhuseleko lwamabala emidlalo ehlabathini lonke.
Enye intlekele ephawulekayo yintlekele yomoya yaseMunich ngowe-1958, apho inqwelo-moya eyayithwele iqela lebhola ekhatywayo yaseManchester United yantlitheka, nto leyo eyaphumela ekufeni kwabantu abangama-23, kuquka abadlali nabasebenzi. Le ntlekele yashukumisa uluntu lwebhola ekhatywayo, kwaye iklabhu kwafuneka iphinde yakhe kwasekuqaleni.
Iintlekele kwezemidlalo azipheleli nje kwiingozi okanye kwiziganeko ezinxulumene nebala lemidlalo. Basenokubandakanya ukuziphatha kakubi okanye ukuqhatha amahlazo angcolisa isidima somdlalo. Ihlazo lokukhwela ibhayisekile elibandakanya uLance Armstrong ngumzekelo wentlekele enjalo, apho lowo waphumelela izihlandlo ezisixhenxe kwiTour de France wahluthwa izihloko zakhe kwaye wajongana nokuthotywa koluntu njengoko kwavela ukuba ebesebenzisa amachiza okuphucula ukusebenza ngexesha lakhe lonke. umsebenzi.
Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo Isincoko 250 Amagama
Imidlalo, edla ngokubonwa njengomthombo wochulumanco nemibhiyozo, isenokujika ibe yimiboniso yeentlekele ezingalindelekanga. Ukhuphiswano lweadrenaline lunokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza lube sisidubedube xa kusenzeka iingozi. Ukususela kwiingozi ezimanyumnyezi ezikhokelela kukwenzakala okanye ukufa ukuya kwiziganeko eziyingozi eziphazamisa ihlabathi lonke lezemidlalo, iintlekele kwezemidlalo zishiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kwinkumbulo yethu sonke.
Enye intlekele eyagungqisa ihlabathi lezemidlalo yintlekele yaseHillsborough ngowe-1989. Yenzeka ebudeni bomdlalo webhola ekhatywayo owawukwiBala Lemidlalo laseHillsborough eSheffield, eNgilani, apho ingxinano yakhokelela kwimbubhiso eyabulala abantu abangama-96. Esi siganeko siyintlekele asibonisanga kuphela iziphene kwiziseko ezingundoqo zebala lemidlalo kunye nolawulo lwabantu abaninzi kodwa sikhokelele kutshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimithetho yokhuseleko kuzo zonke iindawo zemidlalo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Enye intlekele etshabalalisayo, ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kwiiOlimpiki zaseMunich ngowe-1972, kwabalaselisa ukuba sesichengeni kweimbaleki kwizenzo zobugrogrisi. Amalungu alishumi elinanye eqela le-Olimpiki yakwaSirayeli athinjwa kwaye ekugqibeleni abulawa liqela labanqolobi basePalestina. Esi sehlo sibuhlungu asibanga nefuthe elimandla kwiintsapho zabadlali kuphela kodwa siphinde saphakamisa inkxalabo malunga namanyathelo okhuseleko kwimisitho emikhulu yezemidlalo.
Kwaneentlekele zemvelo ziye zaliphazamisa ihlabathi lezemidlalo. Ngo-2011, iJapan yafumana inyikima enkulu kunye netsunami, eyakhokelela ekurhoxisweni kwemisitho emininzi yezemidlalo, kubandakanya neJapan Grand Prix kwiFomula yokuQala. Iintlekele zemvelo ezinjalo azigcini nje ngokuzisa umonakalo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo kodwa zibonisa nendlela imidlalo enokuchatshazelwa ngayo ngokunzulu kwiimeko ezingalindelekanga.
Iintlekele kwezemidlalo azibangeli nje ingozi emzimbeni nangokweemvakalelo kodwa zikwacel’ umngeni ukomelela koluntu lwezemidlalo. Nangona kunjalo, le minyhadala inokuphinda isebenze njengento ekhuthaza utshintsho – ibongoza abasemagunyeni, abaququzeleli, neembaleki ukuba zibeke phambili ukhuseleko nokuphuhlisa iinkqubo ezingcono zolawulo lweentlekele.
Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo Isincoko 300 Amagama
Imidlalo, engumqondiso wamandla, ubuchule kunye nomanyano, ngamanye amaxesha inokuba ngumqolo weentlekele ezingenakucingelwa. Ukutyhubela imbali, kuye kwakho izihlandlo apho ihlabathi lezemidlalo liye labona iintlekele eziye zashiya uphawu olungacimekiyo. Ezi ntlekele, nokuba zenziwe ngempazamo yomntu okanye iimeko ezingalindelekanga, azizange ziphinde zihlaziye imidlalo ngokwazo kuphela kodwa nendlela esisondela ngayo kukhuseleko kunye neendlela zokukhusela.
Enye intlekele enjalo yayiyintlekele yaseHillsborough Stadium eSheffield, eNgilani, ngowe-1989. Ebudeni bomdlalo webhola ekhatywayo, ukuxinana kwiindawo zebala kwakhokelela kwingozi eyabulala abantu abangama-96. Esi siganeko sibonise imfuneko emandla yokuphuculwa kwemithetho yokhuseleko kunye nolawulo lwabantu abaninzi kwiindawo zemidlalo kwihlabathi jikelele.
Enye intlekele engalibalekiyo yenzeka ngowe-1972 ebudeni beeOlimpiki zaseMunich. Iqela elineembono ezibaxiweyo lijolise kwiqela le-Olimpiki lakwaSirayeli, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekufeni kweembaleki ezilishumi elinanye. Esi senzo sothusayo sobundlobongela siphakamise imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga namanyathelo okhuseleko kwimisitho emikhulu yezemidlalo kwaye sazisa ugxininiso oluphezulu kukhuselo nozakuzo.
Intlekele yeChallenger Space Shuttle yowe-1986 isisikhumbuzo sokuba imidlalo inabela ngaphaya kwemida yasemhlabeni. Nangona inganxulumananga ngokuthe ngqo nemidlalo ngokwengqiqo yemveli, le ntlekele yagxininisa imingcipheko yendalo ebandakanyekayo ekutyhaleni imida yokuphonononga kwabantu kunye nohambo, nakwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe.
Iintlekele kwimidlalo zinokuba nemiphumo ehlala ixesha elide, ukudlula imida yebala ngokwalo. Zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo esibuhlungu sobuthathaka bobomi kunye nokubaluleka kokuphumeza amanyathelo afanelekileyo okhuseleko. Ukongezelela, ezi ziganeko ziye zakhuthaza ukuhambela phambili kokhuseleko kunye nokulungelelaniswa kongxamiseko, ziqinisekisa ukuba iimbaleki kunye nababukeli banokuyonwabela imidlalo ngaphandle kweengozi ezingeyomfuneko.
Elokuqukumbela, iintlekele zehlabathi zezemidlalo ziye zashiya uphawu olungacimekiyo kuyo yonke imbali. Enoba kukuxinana kwamabala emidlalo, izenzo zogonyamelo, okanye ukuhlola amabala asemajukujukwini, ezi ziganeko ziye zayitshintsha imeko yezemidlalo zaza zasikhumbuza ngokubaluleka kokubeka phambili ukhuseleko nemilinganiselo yokhuseleko.
Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo Isincoko 350 Amagama
Imidlalo ibisoloko ingumthombo wolonwabo nolonwabo kwizigidi zabantu ehlabathini lonke. Ukusuka kwimidlalo yebhola ekhatywayo ukuya kwimidlalo yamanqindi, imidlalo inamandla okudibanisa abantu kunye nokudala amaxesha angenakulibaleka. Noko ke, ecaleni kwezi zihlandlo zovuyo nezoloyiso, kukwakho iimeko apho iintlekele zenzeka kwihlabathi lezemidlalo.
Enye yezona ntlekele zitshabalalisayo kwimbali yezemidlalo yintlekele yaseHillsborough Stadium. Yenzeka ngoAprili 15, 1989, ngexesha lomdlalo owandulela owokugqibela weNdebe yeFA phakathi kweLiverpool neNottingham Forest. Ngenxa yengxinano kunye nolawulo olulambathayo lwesihlwele, ingozi yenzeka ngaphakathi kwebala lemidlalo, ibangele ukusweleka kabuhlungu kwabalandeli beLiverpool abangama-96. Le ntlekele ibonise ukubaluleka kokhuseleko lwebala lemidlalo kwaye ikhokelele kutshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimithetho yebala lemidlalo.
Enye intlekele ephawulekayo yintlekele yenqwelo-moya yaseMunich, eyenzeka ngoFebruwari 6, 1958. Inqwelo-moya eyayithwele iqela lebhola ekhatywayo yaseManchester United yantlitheka yaza yabulala abantu abangama-23, kuquka abadlali nabasebenzi. Le ntlekele ayizange ithintele kuphela uluntu lwebhola kodwa kwakhona yathusa ihlabathi, ibalaselisa iingozi ezibandakanyekayo ekuhambeni kwimidlalo yezemidlalo.
Ukongezelela kwezi ziganeko ziyintlekele, kuye kwakho iintlekele ezininzi nakwimidlalo nganye. Ngokomzekelo, imbethi manqindi iye yabona iziganeko ezininzi ezibuhlungu, ezinjengokufa kwembethi manqindi yodidi olunzima, uDuk Koo Kim. UKim usweleke ngenxa yokonzakala okwenziwa ngexesha lokulwa noRay Mancini ngo-1982, ekhanyisa iingozi kunye neengozi ezinxulumene nemidlalo yokulwa.
Iintlekele kwezemidlalo zisikhumbuza ngeengozi ezibandakanyekileyo kunye nemfuneko yamanyathelo okhuseleko angqongqo. Kubalulekile ukuba imibutho yezemidlalo, amabhunga olawulo, kunye nabaququzeleli bemisitho babeke phambili ukhuseleko kunye nentlalontle yeembaleki kunye nababukeli ngokufanayo. Ngokufunda kwiintlekele ezidlulileyo, sinokusebenzela ukunciphisa ukwenzeka kweentlekele ezinjalo kwixesha elizayo.
Ukuqukumbela, iintlekele kwezemidlalo zisebenza njengezikhumbuzo zeengozi neengozi ezinokubakho kwimidlalo yezemidlalo. Enoba kungenxa yeengozi zebala lezemidlalo, iintlekele zomoya, okanye iziganeko zemidlalo yabantu ngabanye, ezi ntlekele zishiya impembelelo ehlala ihleli kuluntu lwezemidlalo. Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kwimidlalo abeke phambili ukhuseleko, aphumeze imigaqo engqongqo, kwaye afunde kwiimpazamo zangaphambili ukuthintela iintlekele ezizayo.
Iintlekele kumanqaku eMidlalo kwiBanga le-12
Iintlekele kwezeMidlalo: Uhambo lweCataclysmic
Intshayelelo:
Ezemidlalo kudala ziluphawu lwenkanuko, impumelelo kunye nomanyano. Bathimba izigidi kwihlabathi liphela, bedala amaxesha ozuko kunye nenkuthazo. Nangona kunjalo, phakathi koloyiso, kukwakho amabali entlekele kunye nokuphelelwa lithemba - iintlekele ezishiye impembelelo engapheliyo kwihlabathi lezemidlalo. Esi sincoko siya kuphonononga ubukhulu bezi ziganeko ziyintlekele kwaye siphonononge ifuthe lazo kubadlali, ababukeli, nakwihlabathi lezemidlalo ngokubanzi. Zilungiselele uhambo oluya kwiingxelo zezinye zeziganeko eziyintlekele kwimbali yezemidlalo.
- Imbubhiso yeOlimpiki yaseMunich:
- Septemba 5, 1972
- IMunich, eJamani
IiOlimpiki zeHlobo zowe-1972 zonakaliswa sisiganeko esimangalisayo esothusa ihlabathi. Abanqolobi basePalestine bahlasela iDolophana yeOlimpiki kwaye babamba amalungu ali-11 eqela le-Olimpiki yakwaSirayeli. Phezu kwayo nje imigudu yabasemagunyeni baseJamani yokuthethathethana, iphulo lokuhlangula lawa phantsi kabuhlungu, nto leyo eyaphumela ekufeni kwabo bonke abathinjwa, abagrogrisi abahlanu, kunye nepolisa laseJamani. Esi senzo soyikekayo sibubungqina bokuba sesichengeni kwemisitho yemidlalo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nesikhumbuzo esibuhlungu sokuba izoyikiso zikhona nakwindawo yokhuphiswano lweembaleki.
- Intlekele yeBala laseHillsborough:
- Umhla: Epreli 15, 1989
- Indawo: Sheffield, eNgilani
Umdlalo owandulela owamagqibela kankqoyi weNdebe ye-FA phakathi kweLiverpool kunye ne-Nottingham Forest yajika yaba yintlekele xa ingxinano kwibala lemidlalo i-Hillsborough yakhokelela ekubeni abalandeli baphelelwe ngamandla. Ukunqongophala kwemilinganiselo eyaneleyo yokulawula isihlwele kunye noyilo olulambathayo lwebala lemidlalo luye lwayenza mandundu le meko, nto leyo ebangele ukubhubha kwabantu abangama-96 kunye nokwenzakala kwamakhulu. Le ntlekele yabangela uhlengahlengiso olunzulu lwemilinganiselo yokhuseleko lwamabala emidlalo ehlabathini lonke, nto leyo eyakhokelela kuphuculo lweziseko zoncedo, ulungiselelo lwezihlalo, nobuchule bokulawula izihlwele.
- Intlekele yeBala Lemidlalo laseHeysel:
- Umhla: Mhlawumbi 29, 1985
- Indawo: eBrussels, eBelgium
Ngobusuku bangaphambi komdlalo wamagqibela kankqoyi weNdebe yaseYurophu phakathi kweLiverpool kunye neJuventus, kwabakho uthotho lweziganeko ezoyikisayo eHeysel Stadium. Kwaqhambuka ubuhenyu, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekudilikeni kodonga ngenxa yobunzima besihlwele esihlawulisayo. Umbhodamo owalandelayo wakhokelela ekufeni kwabantu abangama-39 kunye nokwenzakala okuninzi. Esi siganeko siyintlekele siqaqambise ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kokhuseleko nolawulo lwababukeli kumabala emidlalo, sibongoza abasemagunyeni ukuba babeke imithetho engqongqo yokhuseleko kwaye baphembelele amaphulo okuphelisa uburheletya ebholeni.
- Uqhushululu lwaseMelbourne lweqakamba:
- Umhla: Disemba 6, 1982
- Indawo: Melbourne, eOstreliya
Imincili yomdlalo weqakamba iye yajika yaba sisidubedube xa ababukeli baqalisa ukungalawuleki kumdlalo weNdebe yeHlabathi phakathi kweIndiya neOstreliya. Bephenjelelwa ziimvakalelo zobuzwe kunye neengxwabangxwaba, abalandeli baqalisa ukugibisela iibhotile nokuhlasela ibala. Ukuqhawuka kwalo myalelo kukhokelele kunxunguphalo, ukwenzakala, nokunqunyanyiswa komdlalo. Esi siganeko sigxininise ukubaluleka kokulawulwa kwesihlwele kunye nemimiselo emiselweyo yokuqinisekisa amava amnandi kwaye akhuselekileyo kubo bonke abakhoyo.
- IiNtlekele zoMoya kwezeMidlalo:
- Imihla eyahlukeneyo kunye neNdawo
Ukutyhubela imbali, ukuhamba ngenqwelo-moya bekusoloko kuyinkxalabo enzulu kumaqela ezemidlalo. Ihlabathi libone iintlekele ezininzi zeenqwelomoya ezibandakanya amaqela ezemidlalo, ezikhokelela kwilahleko enkulu. Iziganeko eziphawulekayo ziquka i-1958 yaseMunich intlekele yomoya (iManchester United), i-1970 i-Marshall University yebhola yebhola yebhola yebhola yenqwelomoya, kunye ne-2016 ye-Chapecoense yendiza. Ezi ziganeko zonakalisayo zisebenza njengesikhumbuzo esibuhlungu sengozi eyenziwa ngabadlali kunye namaqela xa behamba ngemidlalo yabo, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukwanda kwamanyathelo okhuseleko kwimimiselo yokuhamba ngomoya.
Isiphelo:
Iintlekele kwezemidlalo zishiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kwingqondo yethu sonke. Ezi ziganeko ziyintlekele ziye zabumba indlela esijonga ngayo kunye namava ezemidlalo, zisinyanzela ukuba sibeke phambili ukhuseleko, ukhuseleko kunye nokuphila kakuhle kweembaleki kunye nababukeli. Ziyasikhumbuza ukuba naphakathi kokusukela uloyiso nokugqwesa kwezemidlalo, intlekele inokubakho. Ukanti, kwezi zahluko zimnyama, sifunda izifundo ezibalulekileyo, ezisikhuthaza ukuba siziqhelanise nokudala ikamva elikhuselekileyo lemidlalo esiyixabisayo.