intshayelelo
Yintoni eza kuqala, isizwe okanye urhulumente? Masiqale ngokuchaza amagama amabini. Izizwe ngamaqela abantu abanezithethe, izithethe namasiko afanayo. Imida kunye nemimandla yelizwe, okanye ilizwe, ichazwa ngurhulumente wayo.
UJK Bluntschli, isazinzulu sezopolitiko saseJamani esibhale "Ithiyori kaRhulumente," uBluntschli, ukuba ngokukaBluntschli, ilizwe ngalinye linee-idiosyncrasies ezisibhozo. Izinto ezine endivumelana nazo kukwabelana ngolwimi, ukwabelana ngenkolelo, ukwabelana ngenkcubeko, kunye nokwabelana ngesiko.
Ngokudibanisa ngokuthe ngcembe izizwe ezingabamelwane ngokuhlasela, kwavela isizwe esikhulu ngakumbi embalini. Iinkcubeko kunye nezithethe ezifanayo zahlanganiswa ngale nkqubo. Ngenxa yoko, iilwimi zafana ngakumbi, yaye imikhwa nezithethe zadityaniswa njengentsapho kwaphuculwa.
Amagama ali-100 esincoko kumxholo othi 'Isizwe Kuqala, Soloko Kuqala' kwisiNgesi
Umxholo walo nyaka othi “Isizwe Kuqala, Sisoloko Kuqala” siza kukhumbula uSuku lwama-76 lweNkululeko yaseIndiya ngomhla we-15 kuAgasti. Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav ngumbhiyozo wokuhlonipha iminyaka engama-76 yenkululeko.
Ukususela ngowe-1858 ukuya kutsho ngowe-1947, iIndiya yayilawulwa yiBritani. 1757-1857 yayilixesha apho iBritish East India Company yayilawula iIndiya. Emva kweminyaka engama-200 yolawulo lwamathanga eBritani, iIndiya yafumana inkululeko ngoAgasti 15, 1947. Amawakawaka abalweli benkululeko ancama ubomi bawo ngoAgasti 15, 1947, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba elo lizwe likhululeke kulawulo lwaseBritani.
Amagama ali-150 esincoko kumxholo othi 'Isizwe Kuqala, Ngalo lonke ixesha Kuqala' ngesiNgesi
Imibhiyozo yoSuku lweNkululeko yama-76 yaseIndiya iza kugxininiswa kumxholo othi 'Isizwe kuqala, Sisoloko siQala' sisuka kwi-Red Fort, apho iNkulumbuso uNarendra Modi iya kuthetha nesizwe. Abalweli benkululeko bethu bancama iiyure ezininzi kwaye balwela ukuzimela kwe-Indiya kulawulo lwaseBritane ngoSuku lweNkululeko.
Xa kubhiyozelwa le holide yesizwe, kuphakanyiswa iindwe, kuqhutywe imingcelele, kuze kuculwe umhobe wesizwe ngomoya wokuthand’ izwe. Kunyaka emva kokuba ifumene inkululeko kubukoloniyali baseBritani, iIndiya yafumana inkululeko ngoAgasti 15, 1947.
Phambi kwazo zonke ii-Olympians eziphumelele iimbasa kwiMidlalo yaseTokyo ka-2020, iNkulumbuso uNarendra Modi uza kwenza intetho kumbhiyozo walo nyaka weRed Fort. Umdlalo wenkcubeko awuzukubanjwa kulo msitho ngenxa yobhubhane.
Umngcelele okanye ukhuphiswano lukholisa ukukhumbula olu suku lubonisa imiboniso yomzabalazo wenkululeko okanye ukubonisa iyantlukwano yenkcubeko yaseIndiya.
Amagama ali-300 esincoko kumxholo othi 'Isizwe Kuqala, Ngalo lonke ixesha Kuqala' ngesiNgesi
I-National First, iSoloko iQala ngumxholo wemibhiyozo yalo nyaka. I-Red Fort iya kuba yindawo yedilesi kaNarendra Modi esizweni. Abaphumelele iimbasa zeOlimpiki abavela kwiiOlimpiki zaseTokyo baya kufumana izimemo ezikhethekileyo.
I-15 ka-Agasti 1947 yayingumhla apho i-Indiya yakhululeka kulawulo lwaseBritane. Incopho yomzabalazo wethu wenkululeko ibhiyozelwa kulo nyaka kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-76. Kulo nyaka, sibhiyozela isikhumbuzo salo mhla, ngoko ke makhe sithathe umzuzwana sicingisise ngembali nokubaluleka kwawo.
Phantse iinkulungwane ezimbini sele zidlulile oko iBhritane yalawula iIndiya, iqala ngo-1757. Ebudeni beminyaka apho i-pourna swaraj okanye inkululeko epheleleyo kulawulo lwamakoloniyali yayifunwa ezitalatweni, umbutho wokuzimela geqe waseIndiya uye womelela ngokomelela.
Umzabalazo onamandla wenkululeko wawunokwenzeka kuphela ngokunyuka kukaMahatma Gandhi, uJawaharlal Nehru, uSardar Vallabhbhai Patel, kunye noNetaji Subhash Chandra Bose. Ekugqibeleni, amaBritane aphinda afumana amandla eIndiya xa ayehamba.
Umhla wokugqibela wenyanga kaJuni ka-1948 wanikwa uLord Mountbatten, iViceroy yaseIndiya. AmaBritane, nangona kunjalo, anyanzelwa ukuba ahambe kwangoko nguMountbatten.
Kwakukho iiveki ezimbini phakathi kwe-4 kaJulayi 1947 ukuqaliswa koMthetho oYilwayo we-Independence yase-India kwiNdlu yaseBritane ye-Commons kunye nokugqithiswa kwayo. Umthetho oyilwayo kwiPalamente yaseIndiya wabhengeza ukuphela kolawulo lwaseBritane nge-15 ka-Agasti 1947. I-Indiya nePakistan zasekwa njengezizwe ezizimeleyo ngenxa yoko.
Ngo-1947, uJawaharlal Nehru wathetha nesizwe njengoko iIndiya yaba sisizwe esizimeleyo. I-tricolor yaseNdiya ithotywe kwi-Red Fort. Isithethe siye saqhubeka ukususela ngoko.
Isiphelo,
Ngomhla we-14 ku-Agasti 1947, kwintetho yakhe eyimbali kwiNdibano yoMgaqo-siseko ezinzulwini zobusuku, uNehru wabhengeza, “Senze itrayi ngekamva. Ngoku liyeza ixesha apho siya kukhulula loo ntembelo, hayi ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kakhulu. I-Indiya iya kuvela ebuthongweni kwaye ingene ebomini kunye nokuzimela. "
Kulo lonke ilizwe, nyaka ngamnye kuqhutywa iinkqubo zenkcubeko, ukuphakanyiswa kwendwe nolunye ukhuphiswano ukuze kukhunjulwe olu suku.