Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi ngesiNgesi 100 amagama
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumntu obalaseleyo kwimbali yaseIndiya, owaziwa ngamagalelo akhe kwimfundo kunye nohlaziyo lwentlalo. Wazalwa ngo-1820, uVidyasagar wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni inkqubo yemfundo yemveli eBengal. Wawathethelela ngamandla amalungelo abantu basetyhini kwaye wasebenzela ukuxhotyiswa kwabo ngokukhuthaza ukutshata kwakhona kwabahlolokazi. IVidyasagar ikwalwe nomtshato womntwana kwaye yasasaza ukubaluleka kwemfundo kubo bonke. Njengombhali kunye nesifundiswa, wenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kuncwadi, eguqulela imibhalo yeSanskrit kwisiBengali nokwenza ukuba ifikeleleke kubantu abaninzi. Imizamo engapheliyo kaVidyasagar kunye nokuzinikela okunzulu kwizizathu zentlalo kushiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kwimbali yelizwe.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi weKlasi ye-9 kunye ne-10
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi
UIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umguquli obalaseleyo wentlalontle, umfundisi-ntsapho, umbhali, kunye ne-philanthropist yenkulungwane ye-19, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ngokutsha ubume bobukrelekrele baseIndiya. Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 26, 1820, kwilali encinci eWest Bengal, impembelelo kaVidayasagar yadlulela ngaphaya kwexesha lakhe, ishiya uphawu olungacimekiyo kuluntu lwaseIndiya.
Ukuzinikela kukaVidyasagar kwimfundo kunye nohlaziyo lwentlalo kwabonakala kwasekuqaleni. Nangona wayejamelene nemingeni emininzi kunye nezixhobo ezinqongopheleyo, waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe ngokuzinikela okukhulu. Umdla wakhe wokufunda ekugqibeleni wamkhokelela ekubeni abe ngomnye wamanani aphambili kwi-Bengal Renaissance, ixesha lokuvuselelwa ngokukhawuleza kwenkcubeko yentlalo kulo mmandla.
Elinye lamagalelo abalulekileyo kaVidyasagar yayiyindima yakhe ephambili ekukhuthazeni imfundo yabasetyhini. Kwibutho lemveli lamaIndiya, abasetyhini bebesoloko bengavunyelwa ukuba bafikelele kwimfundo kwaye bavaleleke kwiindima zasekhaya. Eqonda amandla amakhulu abasetyhini, uVidyasagar akazange adinwe ukhankasela ukusekwa kwezikolo zamantombazana kwaye esilwa ngokuchasene nezithethe zasekuhlaleni ezibambe abasetyhini umva. Iingcamango zakhe eziqhubela phambili kunye nemigudu engapheliyo ekugqibeleni yakhokelela ekugqityweni koMthetho Wokutshata Umhlolokazi ka-1856, owavumela abahlolokazi bamaHindu ukuba baphinde batshate.
UVidyasagar wayesaziwa ngenkxaso yakhe engagungqiyo yokupheliswa komtshato wabantwana kunye nesithembu. Wayezijonga ezi zenzo njengeziyingozi kulwakhiwo loluntu kwaye wasebenzela ukuziphelisa ngemfundo namaphulo okwazisa. Iinzame zakhe zavula indlela yohlaziyo lwezomthetho olujoliswe ekudambiseni umtshato wabantwana nokukhuthaza ukulingana ngokwesini.
Njengombhali, uVidyasagar wabhala iincwadi ezininzi ezidumileyo kunye noshicilelo. Owona msebenzi wakhe ubalulekileyo woncwadi, "uBarna Parichay," wayiguqula inkqubo yoonobumba baseBengali, wayenza ifikeleleke ngakumbi kwaye isebenziseka lula. Eli galelo lavula iingcango zemfundo kwintaphane yabantwana, njengoko babengasajongani nomsebenzi onzima wokuzamazamana nombhalo ontsonkothileyo.
Ngaphaya koko, i-philanthropy kaVidyasagar yayingenamida. Wayixhasa ngenkuthalo imibutho yesisa kwaye wanikela inxalenye ebalulekileyo yobutyebi bakhe ukuphakamisa amacandelo oluntu angathathi ntweni. Uvelwano lwakhe olunzulu kwabo bacinezelekileyo kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe kwizizathu zobuntu kwamenza umntu othandekayo phakathi kwenginginya.
Igalelo elixabisekileyo lika-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar kuluntu lwaseIndiya lishiye impembelelo engenakucimeka kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Iingcamango zakhe eziqhubela phambili, umsebenzi ozinikeleyo ngokubhekiselele kuhlaziyo lwezemfundo, kunye nokuzibophelela okungagungqiyo kubulungisa bentlalontle ufanele ukuqatshelwa nokunconywa. Ilifa likaVidyasagar lisebenza njengesikhumbuzo sokuba abantu, abaxhobe ngolwazi nemfesane, banamandla okuguqula uluntu lubengcono.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi weKlasi ye-7 kunye ne-8
UIshwar Chandra Vidyasagar: uMbono kunye nePhilanthropist
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umntu obalaseleyo wenkulungwane ye-19, wayeyi-polymath yaseBengali, umfundisi-ntsapho, umhlaziyi wentlalontle, kunye ne-philanthropist. Igalelo lakhe kunye nokuzimisela okungagungqiyo ekuphuculeni uluntu kuhlala kungenakulinganiswa, kumenza abe ngumfanekiso wokwenyani kwimbali yaseIndiya.
Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 26, 1820, eWest Bengal, uVidyasagar wenyuka waba ngoyena mntu ubalulekileyo kwiBangal Renaissance. Njengomxhasi othembekileyo wamalungelo abasetyhini kunye nemfundo, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleni inkqubo yemfundo eIndiya. Ngokugxininisa kwakhe kwimfundo yabasetyhini, wacela umngeni ngokufanelekileyo kwiinkolelo kunye neenkolelo ezixhaphakileyo ngelo xesha.
Elinye lamagalelo abalulekileyo eVidyasagar yayikwinkalo yemfundo. Wayekholelwa ekubeni imfundo yayisisitshixo sophuhliso loluntu kwaye ikhuthaza ukusasazwa kwemfundo kuwo onke amacandelo oluntu. Iinzame zokungadinwa zikaVidyasagar zikhokelele ekusekweni kwezikolo ezininzi kunye neekholeji, eqinisekisa ukuba imfundo iyafikeleleka kuye wonke umntu, nokuba isini okanye imeko yasekuhlaleni. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinileyo ukuba akukho luntu lunokuqhubela phambili ngaphandle kwemfundo yabemi balo.
Ukongeza kumsebenzi wakhe kwezemfundo, uVidyasagar wayekwayintshatsheli yobuvulindlela kumalungelo abasetyhini. Wakuchasa ngamandla ukutshata kwabantwana waza walwela ukutshata kwakhona kwabahlolokazi, zombini ezo zazigqalwa njengeengcamango ezingqongqo gqitha ngelo xesha. Iphulo lakhe elingayekiyo lokulwa nobu bubi bentlalo ekugqibeleni lakhokelela ekuwisweni koMthetho wokutshata kwakhona komhlolokazi ka-1856, umthetho obalulekileyo owawuvumela abahlolokazi ukuba baphinde batshate ngaphandle kwebala loluntu.
Iinzame zobubele zikaVidyasagar bezincomeka ngokufanayo. Waseka imibutho yesisa eliqela, ejolise ekunikeni uncedo kunye nenkxaso kwabo bangathathi ntweni. Le mibutho yanikela uncedo ngokutya, impahla, unyango, nemfundo, iqinisekisa ukuba abo basweleyo abashiywa bebandezeleka bodwa. Ukuzibophelela kwakhe ngokungagungqiyo kwinkonzo yentlalontle kwamenza wafumana igama elithi “Dayar Sagar,” elithetha “ulwandle lobubele.”
Ngokuthathela ingqalelo igalelo lakhe elimangalisayo, uVidyasagar waqeshwa njengenqununu yeSanskrit College eKolkata. Ukwadlale indima ebalulekileyo ekusekweni kweYunivesithi yaseCalcutta, eyathi yaqhubeka yaba lelinye lawona maziko emfundo adumileyo eIndiya. Ukusukela ulwazi olungayekiyo lukaVidyasagar kunye neenzame zakhe zohlaziyo lwezemfundo kushiye impembelelo engacimekiyo kumhlaba wemfundo waseIndiya.
Ilifa lika-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar liyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwana. Imizamo yakhe engapheliyo yokuzisa utshintsho lwentlalo, ngokukodwa kwiinkalo zemfundo kunye namalungelo abasetyhini, isebenza njengesikhumbuzo esiqhubekayo samandla ombono kunye nokuzimisela komntu ngamnye. Ukuzinikela kwakhe kunye nokuzinikela kwakhe okungagungqiyo ekuphuculeni uluntu ngokungathandabuzekiyo kushiye uphawu oluhlala luhleli kwaye kuqinise indawo yakhe njengombono, umntu onobubele, kunye nomhlaziyi wentlalo okumgangatho ophezulu.
Ukuqukumbela, umoya ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar ongayekeleliyo, ukufuna ulwazi olungayekiyo, kunye nokuzinikela ngokungazingci ekuphuculeni uluntu kumenza abe ngumntu okhethekileyo kwimbali yaseIndiya. Igalelo lakhe kwimfundo, kumalungelo amabhinqa nakwisisa lishiye impembelelo ehlala ihleli eluntwini. Ubomi kunye nomsebenzi ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar busebenza njengesibane esikhokelayo, esikhumbuza ngoxanduva lwethu lokuzabalazela uluntu olulinganayo novelwano.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi weKlasi ye-5 kunye ne-6
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umntu obalaseleyo kwimbali yaseIndiya, wayengumguquli wentlalontle, ingcali yezemfundo, kunye ne-philanthropist. Wazalwa ngo-1820 kwisithili saseBirbhum kwi-West Bengal yanamhlanje, wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwintshukumo yeRenaissance yaseBengal ngenkulungwane ye-19. I-Vidyasagar ihlala ibizwa ngokuba "luLwandle loLwazi" ngenxa yegalelo lakhe elikhulu kwimimandla yemfundo kunye nohlaziyo lwentlalo.
Kunzima ukuhlanganisa impembelelo yomsebenzi ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar kumhlathi omnye, kodwa igalelo lakhe eliphawulekayo likwinkalo yemfundo. Wayekholelwa ngokungagungqiyo ekubeni imfundo isisitshixo senkqubela phambili yentlalo kwaye wazabalazela ukuyenza ifikeleleke kumntu wonke, kungajongwanga isini okanye uhlanga. Njengenqununu yeKholeji yaseSanskrit eKolkata, wasebenzela ekuguquleni inkqubo yemfundo. Wenza iinguqulelo eziliqela, kuquka ukupheliswa koqheliselo lokunkqaya nokucengceleza izibhalo ngaphandle kokuyiqonda intsingiselo yazo. Endaweni yoko, uVidyasagar ugxininise ukucinga okunzulu, ukuqiqa, kunye nophuhliso lomsindo wesayensi phakathi kwabafundi.
Ukongeza kuhlaziyo lwezemfundo, u-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumthetheleli okhutheleyo wamalungelo abasetyhini kwaye wayelwela unobangela wokuphinda atshate umhlolokazi. Ngelo xesha, abahlolokazi babedla ngokuphathwa njengabangafunwayo ekuhlaleni yaye bengafumani malungelo asisiseko. I-Vidyasagar yalwa nale ngqondo ihlehlayo kwaye yakhuthaza ukutshata komhlolokazi kwakhona njengendlela yokuxhobisa abasetyhini kunye nokubabonelela ngobomi obunesidima. Wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuwisweni koMthetho wokutshata kwakhona kwabahlolokazi ngo-1856, owavumela abahlolokazi ukuba baphinde batshate.
Umsebenzi kaVidyasagar ukwanwenwele ekuphelisweni komtshato wabantwana, ukukhuthazwa kwemfundo yabasetyhini, kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwabaphantsi. Wayekholelwa kakhulu kwixabiso lokulingana kwezentlalo kwaye wasebenza ngokunyanisekileyo ukudiliza imiqobo yocalucalulo. Iinzame zikaVidyasagar zavula indlela yohlaziyo lwentlalo oluza kubumba ikamva loluntu lwaseIndiya.
Lilonke, ilifa lika-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar njengomhlaziyi wentlalontle kunye nomfundi wezemfundo alinakucinywa. Amagalelo akhe abeka isiseko soluntu olunenkqubela kunye noluntu olubandakanyayo eIndiya. Impembelelo yomsebenzi wakhe isabonakala nanamhlanje, ikhuthaza izizukulwana ukuba zizabalazele ukulingana, imfundo nobulungisa. Ekuqapheliseni ixabiso lemfundo kunye nohlaziyo lwentlalo, iimfundiso kunye neenjongo zikaVidyasagar zisebenza njengesikhanyiso esikhokelayo kumntu wonke, ebonisa ukubaluleka kokusebenza ngenkuthalo ekudaleni uluntu olunobulungisa nolunobulungisa.
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar Umhlathi weKlasi ye-3 kunye ne-4
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumguquli wentlalontle owaziwayo waseIndiya kunye nesifundiswa esidlale indima ebalulekileyo kwi-Bengal Renaissance yenkulungwane ye-19. Wazalwa ngoSeptemba 26, 1820, eBengal, uVidyasagar wayenengqondo ekrelekrele kwasemncinci. Wayedume kakhulu ngemigudu yakhe engayekiyo yokuguqula uluntu lwaseIndiya, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwimfundo nakumalungelo abantu basetyhini.
UVidyasagar wayengumthetheleli okhutheleyo wemfundo yabantu bonke, kwaye wayekholelwa ngokungagungqiyo ukuba imfundo yayisisitshixo sokuphakamisa amacandelo oluntu ebebekelwe bucala. Uchithe ixesha elininzi lobomi bakhe ekukhuthazeni nasekuqhubeleni phambili amathuba emfundo, ingakumbi kumantombazana. I-Vidyasagar idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekusekweni kwezikolo ezininzi zabasetyhini kunye neekholeji, besaphula imiqobo yelo xesha eyayithintela ukufikelela kwabasetyhini kwimfundo. Iinzame zakhe zavula iingcango zokuba amabhinqa aselula angabalekiyo afumane imfundo, ewaxhobisa ukuba aphumeze amaphupha awo kwaye abe negalelo eluntwini.
Ngaphandle komsebenzi wakhe kwezemfundo, u-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayekwangumnqamlezo oqatha wamalungelo abasetyhini. Wayesilwa ngenkuthalo nxamnye nobubi bentlalo obunjengomtshato wabantwana nokucinezelwa kwabahlolokazi. UVidyasagar wayezimisele ukuzisa utshintsho kwaye wasebenza ngokuzimisela ukuphelisa ezi zenzo eluntwini. Igalelo lakhe laba negalelo ekuphunyezweni koMthetho wokutshata kwakhona komhlolokazi ngowe-1856, owawuvumela abahlolokazi ukuba baphinde batshate, ubanike ithuba lobomi obungcono.
Umdla kaVidyasagar wohlaziyo udlulele ngaphaya kwemfundo kunye namalungelo abasetyhini. Wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimiba yasekuhlaleni efana nokukhuthaza ukupheliswa koqheliselo lweSati, olubandakanya ukugxothwa kwabahlolokazi kwimibhobho yomngcwabo yabayeni babo. Iinzame zakhe zaphumela ekugqityweni koMthetho we-Bengal Sati ngo-1829, uvala ngokufanelekileyo lo mkhuba ongenabuntu.
Ukongeza kwigalelo lakhe elibalulekileyo kwezopolitiko, u-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayekwangumbhali kunye nesifundiswa. Mhlawumbi waziwa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wakhe wokulinganisa ulwimi lwesiBengali kunye nombhalo. Iinzame zikaVidyasagar ezichubekileyo zokuguqula ialfabhethi yaseBengali iyenze yalula kakhulu, yenza ukuba ifikeleleke kubantu abaninzi. Iminikelo yakhe yoncwadi, kuquka iincwadi zezifundo kunye neenguqulelo zemibhalo yamandulo yesiSanskrit, iyaqhubeka ifundwa kwaye ixatyiswa kude kube namhlanje.
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar wayengumboni kunye novulindlela oyinyaniso wexesha lakhe. Imigudu yakhe engayekiyo njengomlungisi wentlalontle, umfundisi-ntsapho, nentshatsheli yamalungelo amabhinqa isaqhubeka ikhuthaza izizukulwana. Ukuzibophelela kwakhe okungagungqiyo kwimfundo nobulungisa kwezentlalo kushiye uphawu olungacimekiyo eluntwini, ebeka isiseko se-Indiya elinganayo nenenkqubela phambili. Igalelo lika-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar liya kuhlala likhunjulwa kwaye libhiyozelwe, njengoko ehlala engumzekelo oqaqambileyo wokuzinikela kunye nempembelelo yokuguqula.
Imigca eli-10 kwi-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
U-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, umntu obalaseleyo kwimbali yaseIndiya, wayengumntu onezinto ezininzi odlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni intlalo nemfundo yelizwe. Wazalelwa ngomhla we-26th kaSeptemba 1820, kwintsapho ethobekileyo yaseBrahmin e-Bengal, uVidyasagar wabonisa ubulumko obuphawulekayo kunye nokuzimisela ukususela ebusheni. Imizamo yakhe engayekiyo yohlaziyo loluntu kunye negalelo lakhe elibalulekileyo kwimfundo, kumalungelo abantu basetyhini, kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwamacandelo oluntu awayejongelwe phantsi kumfumanele iwonga lewonga elithi “Vidyasagar,” elithetha “Ulwandle loLwazi.”
UVidyasagar wayekholelwa ngokuqinileyo ukuba imfundo yayisisitshixo kwinkqubela phambili yoluntu. Wazinikezela ngenjongo yokusasaza imfundo phakathi kwabantu abaninzi, ingakumbi egxile ekuxhotyisweni kwabasetyhini. Waqala izikolo ezininzi kunye neekholeji, ekhuthaza isiBengali njengolwimi lokufundisa endaweni yesiSanskrit, eyayilulwimi oluphambili ngelo xesha. Iinzame zikaVidyasagar zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni imfundo ifikeleleke kumntu wonke, kungajongwanga didi, inkolo, okanye isini.
Ngaphandle kokuba ngumfundi ogqwesileyo, uVidyasagar uphinde walwela unobangela wamalungelo abantu basetyhini. Wayekholelwa ngokuqinileyo ekulinganeni ngokwesini kwaye wasebenza ngokungagungqiyo ekupheliseni izenzo zocalucalulo zentlalo ezifana nomtshato womntwana, isithembu, kunye nokubekwa bucala kwabasetyhini. UVidyasagar waba negalelo ekupasiseni uMthetho wokuTshatwa kwakhona komhlolokazi ngo-1856, uvumela abahlolokazi ukuba baphinde batshate kwaye ubanike ilungelo lokuba nepropati.
Ukuzimisela kukaVidyasagar ukuzisa utshintsho kwintlalo yandiswe ngaphaya kwemfundo kunye namalungelo abasetyhini. Walwa ngamandla ngokuchasene nobubi obahlukeneyo ekuhlaleni obunjengocalucalulo ngokwecandelwana kwaye wasebenza ngokuzimisela ekuphakamiseni amaDalits kunye nolunye uluntu olungakhathalelwanga. Ukuzinikela kukaVidyasagar kubulungisa boluntu kunye nokulingana kukhuthaze abaninzi kwaye kusaqhubeka nokuba yinkuthazo nanamhlanje.
Ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yakhe yohlaziyo lwentlalontle, uVidyasagar wayengumbhali, imbongi, kunye nophilanthropist. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi ezaziwayo zoncwadi, kuquka iincwadi zezifundo, ingqokelela yemibongo, kunye nemibhalo yembali. Imigudu yakhe yokunceda abantu yanabela ekusekeni amathala eencwadi, izibhedlele, namaziko esisa, enenjongo yokukhuthaza abo bangathathi ntweni.
Amagalelo kunye neempumelelo zikaVidyasagar zishiye uphawu olungacimekiyo kwimbali yaseIndiya. Impembelelo yakhe enzulu kwimfundo, kumalungelo amabhinqa, kuhlaziyo lwentlalo, noncwadi lusabonakala kwibutho labantu lanamhlanje. Ukuzinikela okungagungqiyo kukaVidyasagar ekuphuculeni uluntu kumenza abe sisikhanyiso sokwenyani kunye nomboniso wolwazi kunye novelwano.
Ukuqukumbela, ubomi kunye nomsebenzi ka-Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar bubungqina bokuzinikela kwakhe okungagungqiyo ekuxhobiseni abantu abahlelelekileyo kunye nokuphakanyiswa koluntu ngokubanzi. Igalelo lakhe kwiinkalo zemfundo, amalungelo abasetyhini, kunye nohlaziyo lwentlalo luqhubeka nokukhuthaza kunye nokubumba i-India yanamhlanje. Ilifa likaVidyasagar njengomfundi wezemfundo, uhlaziyo lwentlalontle, umbhali, kunye ne-philanthropist liya kuhlonishwa ngonaphakade, kwaye igalelo lakhe liya kukhunjulwa kwizizukulwana ezizayo.