Uqale nini uMthetho woBume bezinto ezohlukeneyo?
ISeparate Amenities Act yayingumthetho owaphunyezwa eMzantsi Afrika ngexesha lengcinezelo. Lo mthetho wawiswa okokuqala ngowe-1953 waza wavumela ukwahlulwa okunyanzeliswayo kwezakhiwo zikawonke-wonke, ezinjengeepaki, iilwandle, nezindlu zangasese zikawonke wonke, ngokusekelwe kucalucalulo lobuhlanga. Lo mthetho wade wapheliswa ngo-1990 njengenxalenye yokudilizwa kocalucalulo.
Yayiyintoni injongo yoMthetho weZibonelelo ezaHlulwayo?
Injongo ye UMthetho weZibonelelo ezohlukeneyo yayikukunyanzelisa ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga kumaziko oluntu eMzantsi Afrika. Lo mthetho wawunenjongo yokwahlula abantu beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo, ngokuyintloko abantu abantsundu, amaIndiya, abeBala, kubantu abamhlophe kwiindawo ezinjengeepaki, iilwandle, izindlu zangasese, amabala ezemidlalo nakwezinye iindawo zikawonke-wonke. Lo mthetho wawulicandelo eliphambili localucalulo, inkqubo yocalucalulo ngokobuhlanga neyayivunywe ngurhulumente eMzantsi Afrika. Injongo yalo mthetho yayikukugcina ukongamela kwabamhlophe kunye nolawulo kwimihlaba yoluntu kunye nemithombo yobutyebi, ngeli lixa ujongelwa phantsi ngokucwangcisiweyo kwaye ucinezela amaqela angengowabamhlophe.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweSeparate Amenities Act kunye neBantu Education Act?
UMthetho weZibonelelo ezohlukeneyo kunye no Bantu Education Act yomibini yayiyimithetho ecinezelayo eyaphunyezwa ngexesha localucalulo eMzantsi Afrika, kodwa yayinezimvo neempembelelo ezahlukeneyo. UMthetho weZibonelelo ezaHlulwayo (1953) wawujolise ekunyanzeliseni ucalucalulo ngokobuhlanga kumaziko oluntu. Yayifuna ukwahlulwa kwezinto eziluncedo zikawonke-wonke ezinjengeepaki, iilwandle, nezindlu zangasese, ngokusekelwe kulwahlulo lobuhlanga. Lo mthetho waqinisekisa ukuba izibonelelo zibonelelwa ngokwahlukeneyo kumaqela eentlanga ezahlukeneyo, kunye nezibonelelo ezikumgangatho ophantsi ezibonelelwa amaqela angengowabamhlophe. Lwaluqinisa ukwahlukana ngokwasemzimbeni phakathi kwamaqela eentlanga nocalucalulo lobuhlanga obendele nzulu.
Kwelinye icala, umthetho iBantu Education Act (1953) wawugxile kwezemfundo kwaye waba neziphumo ezide. Lo mthetho wawujolise ekusekeni inkqubo yemfundo eyahlukileyo nekumgangatho ophantsi kubafundi abaNtsundu, abeBala, nabamaIndiya. Yaqinisekisa ukuba aba bafundi bafumana imfundo eyenzelwe ukubalungiselela umsebenzi okumgangatho ophantsi, endaweni yokubonelela ngamathuba alinganayo emfundo nokuqhubela phambili. Ikharityhulamu yayiyilwe ngamabom ukukhuthaza ucalu-calulo kunye nokuqhubela phambili ingcamango yokuphakama kwabamhlophe. Lilonke, ngelixa zombini ezi zenzo zaziyilelwe ukunyanzelisa ucalucalulo kunye nocalucalulo, iSeparate Amenities Act igxile kulwahlulo lwamaziko oluntu, ngelixa iBantu Education Act ijolise kwimfundo kwaye iqhubela phambili ukungalingani kwenkqubo.
Uphele nini uMthetho weZibonelelo ezohlukeneyo?
UMthetho weZibonelelo ezohlukeneyo wabhangiswa ngomhla wama-30 kuJuni ka-1990, kulandela ukuqala kokubhangiswa kocalucalulo eMzantsi Afrika.